Chinese Economics Thread

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One legacy of the planned economy is that bureaucrats are given targets by the central government for everything from steel production to harvests and local GDP. These same officials traditionally have been promoted on their success in making their numbers. However, away from the glare of the headline numbers, several lesser-noticed leading indicators suggest that the world’s second-biggest economy


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China set to run Gwadar port as Singapore quits



By Syed Fazl-e-Haider

KARACHI - China will take over the Pakistan's strategically located Gwadar Port in southwestern Balochistan after Singapore decided to pull out of a 40-year port management and development contract signed in 2007.

Port of Singapore Authority (PSA) and its partners - Aqeel Kareem Dedhi (AKD) Group of Karachi and the National Logistic Cell (NCL) - are ready to sell their share of Gwadar Port to China Harbour Engineering Co Ltd (CHEC), a state-owned company, and have been allowed to quit the Gwadar Port's development contract after the government failed to transfer 584 acres (236. 3 hectares) of land under possession of the Pakistan Navy for the free zone at the port.

"The denial of land at Gwadar Port forced PSA to leave the port, which will be taken over by a Chinese company," Business Recorder reported Ports and Shipping Minister Babar Khan Ghauri as telling the senate's standing committee on ports and shipping last week after the government issued PSA with a notice to quit the contract five years after taking up the challenging project.

The deal between the government and the Singaporean company was thwarted by the security situation in Balochistan, which hindered PSA from investing the money it had promised for the development of the port and off-shore infrastructure, but PSA decided to give up on the project since problems were compounded by a Supreme Court decision in December 2010 to issue a stay order against the allotment of Gwadar land to a foreign company, following petitions from individuals.

Gwadar Port was built with Chinese assistance of more than $220 million. After taking control, China will simultaneously become the builder and operator of the Gwadar Port.

PSA, which owns 60% of shares in the project, and its partners, who own equal 20% stakes, have asked China Harbour for their investment plus interest of approximately $25 million, according to media reports, in a proposed transaction that local experts say is a typical share-purchase deal. Under a concession agreement, withdrawal from by any of the parties - either the Pakistani government or PSA - would mean they had to pay a penalty. While both were reluctant to withdraw, the transfer of shares to the Chinese company resolved the impasse.

Sardar Fateh Muhammad Hassani, who chaired last week's senate committee meeting, indicated that China would invest US$10 billion to develop the port and manage its operations, without giving details about the proposed agreement. Negotiations between the shareholders and Chinese officials over the sale had been going on since last year, according to The News. While some amendments will be made in the concession agreement for the new operator, it is actually the ongoing land dispute between the government and the navy that has stalled the development of the port for the past five years.

The committee recommended that the navy should take the available 300 acres of land from the government of Balochistan as an alternative and vacate 584 acres of land at Gwadar Port. Naval authorities, however, informed the committee that the navy was a legal and legitimate owner of 584 acres of land at Shamba Ismail area in Gwadar, which was allocated to it against payment by the Balochistan government for defense purposes.

Gwadar port was supposed to compete internationally to get a larger share in the world cargo. This required efficiency on the part of port operators and the installation of modern equipment. Unlike in Karachi and at Port Qasim, Gwadar Port was to totally depend on transshipment cargo. Since it was thought that only experienced, competent and neutral operators could turn Gwadar into a regional hub port - with returns to match its strategic advantage - the government of former President Pervez Musharraf in 2007 gave management and operational control of the port to PSA for 40 years.

PSA International operates 20 port projects in 11 countries including Singapore, Belgium, Brunei, China, India, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Portugal, South Korea and Thailand. PSA Singapore Terminals is also the world's busiest transshipment hub, handling about one-fifth of the world's total container transshipment throughput, and 6% of global container throughput. The company says it provides shippers with a choice of 200 shipping lines and connections to 600 ports in 123 countries.

The Chinese-built first phase of Gwadar Port included three multipurpose berths of 602-meter quay length, one 100 meter-long service berth, and 4.35 kilometers of deep-water channel, alongside roads, operational craft and equipment and shore-based port buildings and facilities.

China sees Gwadar as the gateway for its products to international markets. The port can play a major role in serving as a corridor for energy, cargo and services among Central Asian countries, the Gulf and other surrounding regions. As the port operator, Beijing may restart a $12 billion oil refinery and oil city project that was shelved in 2009.

Strategically located at just 624 nautical kilometers to the east of Strait of Hormuz, the port is not only China's most favorable choice for oil trade, but it would also help it get commercial refueling and repair facilities. Located at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea port is likely to expand China's influence in the Indian Ocean, which is the strategic link between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in terms of communication and oil transportation in the region. That makes Gwadar a key node in the new great game, with control of proposed transnational energy pipelines the name of the game.

Control over Gwadar Port offers China a key card in pipeline politics, as future of all the major transregional pipelines battles may hinge on having a terminus for major pipelines, including Iran-Pakistan (IP) and Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipelines. China is interested both in monitoring the supply routes for its rapidly increasing energy shipments from the Persian Gulf and also in opening an alternative route via Pakistan for import/export trade serving its vast Muslim-majority Xinjiang Autonomous Region.

Presently, 60% of China's imported oil comes from the Middle East and 80% of that transported to China through the unsafe Straits of Malacca.

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China's gross domestic product (GDP) growth for 2011 has been revised upward by 0.1 percentage point to 9.3 percent from previous year, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said Wednesday.

The revised GDP for 2011 stood at 47.29 trillion yuan (7.45 trillion U.S. dollars), 131.8 billion yuan higher than the preliminary reading released earlier this year, according to a statement by the NBS.


The inflation adjusted revision was based on verified analyses of the country's annual reports, financial statements of different sectors and surveys by the NBS.

The NBS statement showed that the newfound gains in GDP came from the country's service sector, while contributions to the general economy from agriculture and the manufacturing and construction industries were adjusted downward.

The service sector grew faster than previously thought, reaching 20.5 trillion yuan last year at a growth rate of 9.4 percent year on year, up 172.3 billion yuan and half a percentage point from the preliminary figure released in January.

Manufacturing and construction growth for 2011 was revised to 10.3percent, down 0.3 percentage points from the initial reading. The revised output of such industries stood at 22.04 trillion yuan, 17.9 billion yuan less than the January data.

Growth in the agriculture sector eased 0.2 percentage points from previously announced rate to 4.3 percent year on year, with agricultural output being modified to 4.75 trillion yuan, 22.6 billion yuan lower than the initial calculation.

Based on the revised statistics, the country's primary industries accounted for 10 percent of China's 2011 GDP, while secondary industries accounted for 46.6 percent and tertiary sectors accounted for 43.4 percent.


The NBS will issue a final GDP reading in the coming months according to a three-step publication procedures with more detailed data.
 

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Sinopec Corp has topped the list of China's largest 500 corporations for the eight consecutive year, according to a report released by the China Enterprise Confederation and the China Enterprise Directors Association.

The top 500 companies reported a combined ¥44.9 trillion in revenues last year, up 23.7% from 2010. Sinopec's revenue was ¥255.2 billion and the smallest of the 500 companies posted ¥17.51 billion.

310 state-owned firms and 190 privately-owned firms made the list, with the former group overwhelming the latter in terms of revenue, profits and assets.


The state-owned enterprises on the list saw their revenue rise by an average of 22.2% to a combined ¥36.8 trillion in 2011; their revenues were 4.52 times that of private enterprises. State-owned firms also saw their net profits grow by an average of 22.8% to ¥2.1 trillion during the same period; their net profits were 7 times that of private enterprise; while their total assets amounted to ¥116.7 trillion, 8.7 times more than their private sector peers.

All of the top 30 companies were state-owned. The top 10 companies, which included seven banks, two oil giants and one electricity distributor, were responsible for 23.4% of all the 500 companies' total revenue.
 

AssassinsMace

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Here's an interesting read.

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China Stimulus Highlights Western Collapse

August 28th, 2012


Jeff Nielson: Yet again we see a Tale of Two Economies. One economy has a (real) plan. One economy has (real) growth. One economy acts proactively to address its problems.

Then there is the Other economy. It’s only “plan” is to lie about how bad things really are. Instead of economic growth, it has substituted much more borrowing – and handing free money to a banking crime syndicate, as fast as the bankers can shovel it into their vaults. It acts onlyreactively, belatedly cobbling together hopelessly inadequate bandaids to cover-up gaping (self-inflicted) economic wounds.

Readers should have no problem in identifying China as the first economy. The “other” economy could be the economy of any/every major Western nation. The rate of deterioration is the same in all of them, all that differs is how close to insolvency they were when the banker-plundering began.

The role of the Corporate Media is clearly defined. When its focus is on the West’s own economies, rotting with corruption, the cheerleaders are deployed. We get one chorus after another of “don’t worry, be happy”, as the propaganda machine assures us that our Leaders have the situation under control.

Conversely, when its gaze strays across the Pacific then the Chicken Littles are deployed. “The sky is falling” on China, we’re told again and again. We get a prime example of this from the UK’s propaganda-mouthpiece, The Telegraph. In drawing attention to what it claims is £800 billion in total, announced stimulus spending, it leads its article with the following hyperbole:

One Chinese province after another has stepped forward over the last fortnight to announce their plans, in what appears to be a propaganda effort to reassure the public that the economy is still on track…

When it comes to “propaganda” to “reassure the public that the economy is on the right track”, I would suggest to The Telegraph that it take off its rose-coloured glasses and have a look a little closer to home.

We have the UK government practicing the economic sadism which Europe calls “austerity”, where the more the UK government cuts spending the worse its deficits get. As a matter of simple logic/arithmetic; there is a 0% probability of this policy fixing the economy, and a 100% probability it will lead to bankruptcy (exactly as it did in Greece).

Indeed, UK austerity has been so self-destructive that as the government savagely cuts with its fiscal policy, we have the Bank of England simultaneously engaging in quantitative easing with monetary policy. The analogy is obvious. It’s like driving a car with one foot jamming the brake pedal to the floor, while the other foot jams the gas pedal to the floor.

Note that the UK’s dismal economic performance (and the dismal economic performance of all Western economies) comes despite permanent, near-zero interest rates. As I’ve observed in several previous commentaries, this is the economic equivalent of a defibrillator: a measure so extreme that it’s only intended to be used briefly – and only in the most dire emergencies.

Yet here we have the West’s ‘economic doctors’ perpetually frying all of these economies with this high-voltage emergency measure. Four, solid years of such reckless, mindless, shock-treatment has done nothing but bring all of these economies to the brink of total collapse (with Greece already past that point).

Across the Pacific, China has normal interest rates. While it recently cut interest rates for the second time in two months, that only brought China’s interest rate down to 6% — higher than average, historical rates. China has to keep its rates this high, since in a global economy flooded with Western money-printing; its own economy immediately starts to over-heat if it takes interest rates below historical averages.

Understand that interest rates are an absolute, unequivocal indicator of the health of an economy. High interest rates indicate an economy which is strong enough to ‘apply the brakes’ to the capital inside that economy. Conversely, low interest rates indicate an economy which needs stimulus; where the economy is so anemic that attaching interest to capital is enough to drag the economy down all by itself.

Thus when we see permanent near-zero interest rates, the message is crystal-clear: we are looking at a dying economy. But don’t take my word for this. Simply look at the only nation in history to leave its interest rate at zero for decades, Japan. We’ve all seen the results achieved by that policy: a permanent zombie-economy, led by zombie-banks hiding vast amounts of bad debt – who can only escape their own oblivion by keeping interest rates at near-zero.

All at once we see not only confirmation that permanent, near-zero interest rates are a failed policy; but also confirmation that our own near-zero interest rates were never intended to fix our economies. Instead, they are merely a form of permanent financial triage – intended solely to prevent the West’s criminal, zombie-banks from instantly drowning in an ocean of their own fraudulent bad bets.

Note that even in The Telegraph’s piece of transparent propaganda that it’s impossible to hide the real story here:

…China’s export sector is suffering from anaemic demand from Europe and the United States. In the first seven months, exports rose 7.8pc, while imports rose 6.4pc, leaving China in danger of missing its 10pc target for trade growth this year… [emphasis mine]

While The Telegraph’s Chicken Little vainly struggles to incite hysteria over China’s economy, the facts leak out. China’s only “economic problem” is weakness in the West. Now the propaganda is fully on display.

We’re supposed to be “worried” because China’s strong, healthy, growing economy may miss its growth targets due to the economic weakness in the West – and most-notably the U.S. What is the prescription from the mouthpieces of the Corporate Media? We’re all supposed to take our money out of China’s strong, healthy, growing economy, and move it to a “safe haven.”

What is the supposed “safe haven” which the propaganda machine always places at the top of its list? U.S. Treasuries – the most overvalued paper ever produced by the Western banking cabal. With the U.S. already completely bankrupt, this makes the bonds themselves obviously worthless, since the debts can never be repaid. Yet despite this, Treasuries are priced at their highest level in history. At the same time, these bonds are denominated in U.S. dollars: a currency which by the definition of its own parameters is already worthless as well.

Note that the Corporate Media continues to peddle the myth that China’s economy is dependent upon exports to the dying economies of the West, despite a Harvard research paper which established that by 2008 China had already ended its export-dependence and become primarily a domestically-fueled economy. Meanwhile, the propaganda machine engages in yet another exercise in lying-with-numbers when it talks about the “declining growth rate” of China’s economy.

Here we have an economy which had (incredibly) achieved near double-digit economic growth, almost without interruption, for the better part of two decades. This massive, cumulative growth means that China’s entire economy has increased in size by several multiples over that period of time. Thus as an obvious matter of arithmetic China’s economy would grow as much (in absolute terms) today with a 3% growth rate as it did with 10% growth, more than a decade earlier. Even a 7% growth rate today would indicate a phenomenal rate of growth for an economy of this size.

In short, China’s economy continues to expand near or at its maximum growth potential; while the decay of the West’s already-insolvent economies accelerates. Simply, no sane investor would/should move a nickel of their money from East to West until the West’s hopelessly dysfunctional economies demonstrate some semblance of economic health by normalizing interest rates.

Conversely, as long as Western witch-doctors continue their suicidal near-zero “shock treatment”; we know that the only possible outcome is a permanent depression – as evidenced by Japan. And this multi-decade economic nightmare has absolutely no other goal than to rescue a criminal banking oligopoly from its own (well-deserved) bankruptcy.

While the banksters continue to arrogantly proclaim themselves “too big to fail”, Iceland has already shattered that myth. It purged its economy of this totally parasitic oligopoly, with even the IMF forced to admit that this restored health to Iceland’s economy. The bankers have booked us all seats on the “Titanic” – solely to pay for their lifeboats.

Written By Jeff Nielson From Bullion Bulls Canada

Jeff Nielson is from Canada and is a writer/editor for Bullion Bulls Canada
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. He has a personal background in law and economics. Bullion Bulls Canada provides general macro-economic and political commentary, since the precious metals markets are among the most complex (and misunderstood) in the world.

Bullion Bulls Canada also provides basic coverage of Canadian precious metals mining companies. Canada is the global leader in mining exploration, and Canadian-listed mining companies (on the Toronto Stock Exchange and Venture Exchange) are responsible for the majority of the world’s most-promising discoveries.

I find the most interesting point is all the fearmongering over China is just to scare money away and into Western markets who need the boost. You're certainly not going to promote China as in better shape when that will just send more money over there and not help domestically.
 

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Shandong Heavy Industry Group plans to acquire a 25% stake in the German forklift truck maker Kion Group for €700 million (US$876 million), after Sany Heavy Industry, a major Chinese manufacturer of construction equipment, acquired the German concrete-pump maker Putzmeister.

As the European debt crisis worsens, Chinese enterprises have been carrying out mergers and acquisitions aggressively in the European market. Experts say that although this is a good time for Chinese enterprises to acquire European firms, given their record low prices, there are high risks involved. The success of such a strategy depends on whether there are synergies between the acquirer and the acquired firm.

There have been reports in the foreign media that Shandong Heavy Industry was in talks with Kion over the acquisition. The acquisition is estimated to cost €700 million-800 million (US$879 million-$1 billion). If the deal is completed successfully, it will be one of the largest made by a Chinese enterprise in Germany.


Talks between Kion's shareholders Goldman Sachs and Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co and Shandong Heavy Industry were previously deferred for several months. The deal is expected to be completed in two years.

A securities analyst told the Shanghai-based Financial Daily that the group was selling its shares mainly due to financial pressure.

Kion is the world's second-largest forklift truck maker, behind only Japan's Toyota Industries Corp.
The group's annual revenues grew to €4.4 billion (US$5.5 billion) and its forklift truck brands include Linde, OM Still, Fenwick, Baoli and Voltas.

Currently, the group is the largest foreign forklift truck manufacturer in China. It has two joint ventures in the country.

Shandong Heavy Industry Group, the parent company of Weichai Power Co, specializes in construction and farm machinery. Its main products are road rollers, wheel loaders, excavators, concrete mixers, power tillers and diesel engines.

Lu Jinyong, the director of China Research Center for Foreign Direct Investment, said Germany's machinery industry has superior brands, technology, quality and management systems.

Tan Xuguang, the chairman of Shandong Heavy Industry Group, said in June that the group would pool its resources to support successful international M&As. It aims to increase its export-revenue ratio to one-third in the next 3-5 years.

Although Chinese enterprises can acquire European companies at low prices, given the European economic recession, they face potential legal, employment and labor union problems after completing these deals.

Since the beginning of this year, there have been several reports of Chinese enterprises acquiring European assets.

The newspaper said that last year, the total value of Chinese enterprises' mergers and acquisitions in Europe exceeded US$70 billion, almost 10 times that of 2010.
 
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[video=youtube;zWLODa01TGY]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWLODa01TGY&feature=plcp[/video]

Here's something that could change the region.
 

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The Chinese government is expected to launch a package of measures to support the nation's struggling exports in mid-September, the first such move since the global financial crisis, two sources from the Ministry of Commerce told China Daily.

The measures cover a wide range of issues including tax rebates, insurance, credit, taxes, customs clearance and other tools to facilitate foreign trade
, said the two sources. The move comes as China's export growth continues to slow.

General Administration of Customs statistics showed that growth in China's overseas shipments has been declining since the latter half of last year, due to eurozone debt woes.

In July, the nation's export growth slumped to 1 percent, the lowest since 2009. Officials and experts are pessimistic about the outlook for the nation's exports in the rest of the year.

After a tour of Guangdong province last month, Premier Wen Jiabao said China should take measures to stimulate exports in the third quarter, a normally crucial period for the nation's overseas shipment, as Chinese exports continue to face many difficulties and uncertainties in the rest of the year.

"The government has been highly alert regarding the nation's exports since Premier Wen's tour of Guangdong", the largest province in terms of foreign trade, and the nation is therefore "strongly motivated and determined to roll out the measures as soon as possible to boost China exports", said the sources.

They refused to elaborate on when exactly the measures would be launched, but said it would be "around mid-September" when the government is due to publish a series of economic figures for August including exports, industrial output and inflation.


Foreign trade figures for August are expected to be released next Monday.

During the first seven months, China's overseas shipments rose by 7.8 percent from a year earlier and imports surged by 6.4 percent year-on-year, putting China at risk of missing the target of 10 percent for this year foreign trade growth.

"Trade figures for August are not positive and not encouraging," said the sources. And "from the figures that we have got ending in August, we have to say it would be a very difficult task for China to achieve the target of 10 percent this year", they said.

Wang Tao, an economist from UBS Securities, agreed on the dim outlook for the nation's exports.

"As the European sovereign debt crisis drags on, and the US growth recovery falters, leading indicators do not give us confidence that export growth will recover," Wang said.

Wen said during his Guangdong tour that, to help stabilize export growth, China will launch export-related policies, including expanding the scale of export credit insurance, reducing taxes, promoting trade facilitation in customs, and foreign exchange management, and accelerating tax rebate procedures.

Early this week, sources were quoted by Bloomberg as saying that China may expand exporter tax rebates as soon as this month, giving a full rebate of the 17 percent value-added tax on products including furniture, shoes and toys, up from the current range of 13 percent to 15 percent.

The nation used the tool in 2008 and 2009 when exports plunged during the global financial crisis, at one point raising tax rebates on 553 products including motorcycles and sewing machines.

Can it work?

Measures to help expand exports are required, as the slackening trade is increasing the risk that China will miss the target of 7.5 percent for this year's economic growth set by Premier Wen, some experts said.

China's gross domestic product expanded 7.6 percent in the second quarter from a year earlier, the slowest pace in three years.

During his visit to Guangdong, Wen warned that the economy could still face turbulence and called for measures to meet economic goals.

However, Zhang Yansheng, secretary-general of an experts committee under the National Development and Reform Commission, said: "The impact of exports on the economy is not as big as expected.

"To boost the economy, the top priority is to transform its economic growth model through stimulating domestic consumption, creating jobs, reducing taxes and providing vocational training to migrant workers," Zhang said.

Lu Zhengwei, chief economist at Industrial Bank, said the package of measures which is in the pipeline can only help up to a point. "They can, to some extent, help exporters, but that would be limited. What is worse, they will increase the nations fiscal burdens and hurt the economy," he said.
 

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The total output of the country's advanced materials sector expanded by 150 billion yuan (24 billion U.S. dollars) to more than 800 billion yuan last year, showing quick-paced growth that officials and experts say will persist in the coming years and trigger economic upgrade.

The annual growth of the sector in recent years has exceeded 20 percent on average, according to Vice Minister of Industry and Information Technology Su Bo, who made the remarks at an industrial exposition for advanced materials being held in Harbin, capital of northeast China's Heilongjiang Province.

The expo, the second of its kind held in the world's second-largest economy, has attracted nearly 1,000 enterprises to display life-changing products ranging from environmentally-friendly tableware made from natural starch and heat-trapping walls for home decoration, to impact-absorbing steel cabins used as emergency shelters during blasts at coal mines.

"Advanced materials are fundamental in promoting the upgrade of traditional industries. The sector also provides important support for the development of the countries' newly-emerging strategic industries," Su said.

These strategically-important industries include energy conservation and environmental protection, new energy, new-energy cars and high-end equipment manufacturing. China currently boasts 18 key advanced materials technologies such as the making of special-quality steel products, advanced aluminum alloy and materials for electric car batteries,
according to Gan Yong, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Meanwhile, the country's production capacities for special-quality stainless steel, photovoltaic materials, glass fiber and functional rare earth products, among others, already hold top spots worldwide,
Gan said.

According to a development plan publicized in February by the government, the country aims to expand the industrial output of the sector to 2 trillion yuan by 2015.

Heilongjiang Province, which neighbors Russia, has been vigorously developing the sector on top of its resource advantages and financial support in recent years.

The Harbin City Enterprise Credit Financing Guarantee Service Center has helped secure 2.7 billion yuan of credit for local companies engaged in the sector since last year, Wang Li, the head of the center, told Xinhua.

Around 160 local enterprises in the industry reported 46.2 billion yuan of gross output last year, up 29.8 percent year on year. Their main business revenues hit 45.5 billion yuan, up 27.5 percent, according to a press release from the provincial government's press office.

The province mainly produces polymer materials, high-end structural steel, inorganic nonmetallic materials and composites.

Other provinces such as Jiangsu and Hunan are also robustly developing new materials. Data show the output of the advanced materials sector hit 310 billion yuan in Hunan last year, marking the fourth consecutive year of growth above 30 percent, while Jiangsu has been making the sector a key area in promoting economic restructuring.

Ren Xudong, vice president of Aluminum Corporation of China, said the group is making the production of high-end non-ferrous metals one of its two development strategies, in addition to its role as a resources supplier.

Vice President of China Minmetals Corporation Li Fuli also said the group invested nearly 1.2 billion yuan last year in scientific research and development related to innovations in its new materials business.

According to Gan Yong, the country has greater room for the industrialization of advanced materials in the next five to ten years only if existing problems are addressed, such as low levels of innovations and investment for scientific research as well as poor marketing for mass applications.
 
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