Re: China's transport plane capacities
伊尔76后续进口搁浅内幕：其实俄国人很冤枉？
2009-12-06 10:54:33.0
中俄10亿美元运输机合同搁浅内幕
-
中国在上世纪90年代开始引进俄制伊尔-76大型运输机。2001年前后中俄进行接触，准备引进新一批伊尔-76。经过数年艰苦谈判，终于在2005年达成协议，订购34架伊尔-76MD军用运输机和4架伊尔-78MK空中加油机。当时合同的总价值是10.45亿美元，从2007年开始供应中方，2012年供应结束。
然而，2006年俄方突然向中方提出合同加价到15亿美元的要求，交易就此陷入僵局。2006年3月，中方冻结合同。
坊间和外国媒体猜测，俄罗斯害怕中国在得到这批装备会威胁到俄的安全。俄自己解释加价是因为美元急剧贬值，金属原材料价格上涨，使原来价格出口不划算，其实这些都不是真正的原因。
翻开历史我们可以看到，苏联的工业体制比较分散，各种武器的零件分别在不同地方生产，解体以后分属不同的国家。伊尔-76并不是俄罗斯一家生产能够出来的，其总装车间在乌兹别克斯坦塔什干飞机制造厂。早在2006年初，就有西方媒体质疑中俄的这笔合同会延期，因为2005年签订合同的一年多俄罗斯并没有组织生产而是忙着把伊尔-76总装生产线移回国内的乌里扬诺夫斯克飞机制造厂。中国因为进口渠道缺乏所以引而不发，没想到俄建新厂房、组装生产线花光了中方的合同预付款后，尽然恬不知耻的要求中方加价到15亿美元。（按道理预付款是用来购买原材料的）
谈判中也很让人恼火，俄方承认没钱买材料了，并认为是中国需要伊尔-76，所以理应中方追加经费。谈判就此终结，中方很生气，后果也严重，从此以后没有在开的大的军购谈判。开始和乌克兰合作，从乌大量购买苏27/30的零件以及船用发动机。
中国和乌克兰打算合作生产军用运输机安-70型运输机，提升性能后的安-70型运输机将最大搭载量提高到48-50吨。本来快被俄"挤死"的乌克兰军工又有了一线生机。
合同久拖不决俄罗斯也损失不小，国际信誉下跌。今年印度在决定购买10架美制C-17运输机，而购买一架C-17的钱能够购买三架伊尔-76。缺钱的印度不买伊尔-76全是担心步中国后尘。
俄也不敢和中国搞僵，因为中国目前已经成为世界上机场数量增长最快的国家，航空运输量也位居世界第二。未来20年，民用飞机的需求量将高达2100到2400架，年增长率将达到10%到13%，这对俄罗斯来说是巨大的商机。
乌里扬诺夫斯克飞机制造厂根据中国订单，从上世纪90年代中期起开始建造并建成的第一架图-204-120CE民用货机，于10月28日在中国天津市降落。此外，公司还拥有为中国建造另外10架"图"型机的协议，现在看来后续10架也没有进行。
普京出面中俄和解,俄供应发动机替代伊尔76。"土星"更是表示将提前两年交付，中国订购用于改进轰-6的发动机。近来俄方表示愿意与中方重开谈判事出有因：一方面，总装生产线移回国内后，俄方迫切需要让它运转起来，否则空置的成本也是个不小的数字。另外，俄方有意让伊尔-76逐渐退出舞台，开发新一代性能更佳的大运输机，但升级研发的经费需要靠出口换来。另一方面，中国已经在大飞机研发上加大了步伐。俄方认为，这是伊尔-76进入中国的最后机会，不得不综合权衡利弊，抓紧时间谈判。
Sorry, Google Translation!
IL-76 follow-up of imports of grounding Inside: Were the Russians wrongly accused?
2009-12-06 10:54:33.0
Insiders' Info: China and Russia one billion U.S. dollars transport contract stranded
--
China in the last century, began the introduction of Russian-made Il-90 large transport aircraft -76. Before and after contact with China and Russia in 2001 in preparation for the introduction of a new batch of IL--76. After several years of tough negotiations, and finally reached an agreement in 2005, ordered 34 Il-76MD military transport aircraft and four Il-78MK air tanker. At that time the total value of the contract is 1.045 billion U.S. dollars, beginning in 2007 the supply of the Chinese side, the supply of the end of 2012.
However, in 2006 Russia proposed to China a sudden increase to 1.5 billion U.S. dollars contract requirements, the transaction this impasse. In March 2006, the Chinese side to freeze the contract.
Community and in the foreign media speculation,RussiaChina has the equipment to be afraid of a threat to Russia's security. Russia's own interpretation of price increase is due to the sharp depreciation of U.S. dollar metal prices of raw materials, so that the original is not worth the price of exports, in fact, these are not the real reason.
Opening history, we can see that the Soviet Union's industrial structure is sparse and scattered parts of various weapons were produced in different places, the disintegration of the future belong to different countries. IL -76 is not a production can out of Russia, and itsAssemblyAircraft manufacturing plant in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. As early as the beginning of 2006, there is the Western media, China and Russia challenged the amount of the contract will be extended, since 2005 Russia signed a contract for over a year, and no organization rather busy IL -76 production assembly line back to the domestic Uri Ulyanovsk aircraft factory. China due to the lack of import channels have therefore instead of hair, did not expect Russia build a new factory assembly line ran out of China's advance payments on contracts, the requirements of the Chinese be so shamelessly increase to 15 billion dollars. (Stands to reason advances are used to purchase raw materials)
The negotiations is also very annoying, Russia acknowledged no money to buy materials, and and that the IL -76 is necessary, so additional funding should the Chinese side. In this connection, the end of negotiations, China is very angry, the consequences are serious, since then not to open negotiations on a large arms purchase. Beginning and Ukraine, from the Ukrainian Soviet 27/30 bulk purchase of spare parts and marine engines.
China and Ukraine intend to co-production of military transport aircraft AN -70 transport aircraft,UpgradeAfter the performance an -70 transport aircraft carrying the maximum amount of up to 48-50 tons. Russia had been almost completely "Jisi," the Ukrainian military, there has been a lifeline.
Russia is also prolonged loss of the contract is not small, the international credibility of the fall. This year India has decided to buy 10 US-made C-17 transport aircraft, while the purchase of a C-17 money to be able to purchase three IL -76. India's lack of money does not buy the whole IL -76 is worried that China's footsteps step.
Russia and China did not dare to a deadlock, because China has become the world's number of airportsGrowthFastest growing countries, air transport volume ranked second in the world. The next 20 years, the demand for civilian aircraft, up to 2100-2400, annual growth rate will reach 10% to 13%, which Russia is a huge business opportunity.
Ulyanovsk aircraft factory orders in accordance with China, from the mid-90s of the last century began construction and the completion of the first Tu-204-120CE civilian cargo plane, on October 28 landed in China's Tianjin Municipality. In addition, the company also has to build another 10 to China, "map" type machine agreement, it now appears the follow-up 10 has not been done.
Putin came forward Sino-Russian reconciliation, Russia and the supply of alternative IL-76 engine. "Saturn" is said it would two years ahead of delivery, China ordered the engine used to improve the H--6. Russia recently expressed its willingness to resume talks with the Chinese side was not accidental: on the one hand, assembly line moved back to mainland China, the Russian side an urgent need to make it up and running, otherwise the cost of vacancy is also not a small figure. In addition, the Russian side intends to make IL -76 gradually leave the stage to develop a new generation of better performance, a large transport aircraft, but the escalation of R & D funding to rely on exports in exchange. On the other hand, China has in large aircraft, has increased the pace of research and development. The Russian side believes that this is IL--76 last chance to enter China and had a comprehensive balance, negotiate in earnest.
