Abstract: The Earth 2.0 (ET) mission will pioneer the international breakthrough in the frontier sci- entific issue of the existence and evolution of Earth 2.0s (or exo-Earths) in the origin of life by adopting the key technology of ultra-high precision photometry with a large field of view in space. The ET mis- sion will deploy a space observatory consisting of six wide-field transit telescopes and one micro-lensing telescope in a halo orbit at the Sun-Earth Lagrange L2 point. Combining transit and micro-lensing meth- ods, utilizing the ultra-large field of view and ultra-high precision optical photometry observations in space, the ET mission will for the first time discover historically significant Earth 2.0s and determine their occurrence rate. It will conduct the first large-scale survey of terrestrial-like and free-floating plan- ets, discover free-floating Earth-mass planets and measure their occurrence rates, reveal the origins of Earth-like and free-floating planets, and provide candidates and new directions for the search for ex- traterrestrial life. The observational results, statistical studies, and theoretical tests of the ET mission will answer pressing frontier scientific questions such as “How common are Earth-like planets in the uni- verse”, “How do Earth-like planets form and evolve” and “How do free-floating planets originate”. Fol- low-up observations of the Earth 2.0 samples discovered by the ET mission will precisely measure their mass, density, and atmospheric composition, contributing to an in-depth study of their habitability char- acteristics. Moreover, the study of the large number of various exoplanet samples newly discovered by ET, as well as tests of theories, will promote a deeper understanding of the formation and evolution of these types of planets. ET’s abundant high-precision, high-cadence, and long-baseline photometric data will advance research in fields such as asteroseismology, Galactic archaeology, time-domain astronomy, binary stars, and binary black holes.