Something about the heat-shield of Shenzhou, Tianwen and Chang'e 5.
1. According to presentation by Luo Lijuan, senior engineer of CALT.
- The material and manufacturing process is verified in 1999 by Shenzhou 1, and settled (certified) in 2003 by the first manned flight Shenzhou 5.
- The manufacturing process uses a heat-pressure chamber to fill the honey comb struct with ablation paste. It takes 8 hours to make shield (shield blocks) for Shenzhou. In comparison, Orion spacecraft before 2014 manually gunned in every honey comb cell (330000), it took 7 months for the shield. Later Orion uses blocks but still much longer time.
2. According to "Chinese society of composite material",
, Tianwen spacecraft to Mars uses SiC based material, half the density of Shenzhou and Chang'e material. Tianwen also uses monolithic fabrication, heat-shield diameter is 3.4m. The fabrication efficiency, quality and reliability is world leading.
探测器大底结构的直径达到3.4m左右,共计约70000个蜂窝格子,采用整体成型工艺,实现了在如此多的蜂窝格子中材料一次性灌注到位,不论是成型效率、成型质量还是成型可靠性都达到国际领先水平。