- The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has began a major acoustics research project in the area of the Mariana Trench, within the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone.
google translation of
我科学家首次听到海洋最深处声音
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本报讯(记者郑雅楠)日前,我国首套万米全水深声学观测潜标在马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊实验成功,国内科研团队首次聆听到来自海洋最深处的声音。
马里亚纳海沟是世界上目前已知的最深海沟,位于菲律宾东北、马里亚纳群岛附近的太平洋洋底,最深处约为1.1万米,堪称地球“第四极”。马里亚纳海沟是探索海洋动力过程、物质与能量输运、生物地球化学过程、壳幔结构及极端环境下物种起源的最佳天然窗口,是研究深海科学与技术的最佳场所。
此次实验由西北工业大学航海学院海洋观测与探测技术研究团队牵头,与中国海洋大学、中国科学院声学研究所和国家海洋局第一海洋研究所合作,围绕马里亚纳海沟海洋环境噪声分布特性及海沟声学传播特性等重大科学问题,经过近1年的准备,完成了万米全水深声学潜标的设计、研发、测试以及马里亚纳海沟声学观测实验方案的设计论证。
为了搞懂“在这么深的海沟,声音是如何传播的”这一问题,我国科学家赴马里亚纳海沟进行了此次声学实验。国家海洋局第一海洋研究所副研究员吕连港在接受记者采访时表示,这是我国首次在马里亚纳海沟进行声学实验,而此前国外进行的相关实验也只有一例。
近年来,我国科学家,以及美国、日本的科研人员已围绕海沟生物多样性、系统起源与进化机制、海沟古菌、病毒特征与功能等关键科学问题展开了系列研究,但是关于马里亚纳海沟声学特性的相关观测和研究极少。
在声学实验中,实验团队在马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊成功布放并回收了万米全水深声学观测潜标,实现了海沟声学特性的全水深观测,声学传感器覆盖深度范围为200米~9300米。实验团队还在马里亚纳海沟进行了定点声源发射,获取了马里亚纳海沟声学传播特性观测资料,为揭示世界最深海域声传播规律奠定了基础。
实验团队在马里亚纳海沟长期综合观测潜标上挂载了6个自容式声学传感器,计划在2018年11月回收。届时,将获取马里亚纳海沟全年的海洋环境噪声观测资料,是聆听海洋最深处的声音、探索发现海洋最深处未知声学奥秘的第一手资料。
"(Reporter Zheng Ya-nan) Recently, China's first set of water meters deep sound acoustic observation submarine success in the Mariana Trench Challenger abyss successfully, the domestic scientific research team for the first time to hear the deepest voice from the ocean.
Mariana Trench is the deepest trenches currently known in the world. It is located on the Pacific Ocean floor near the Mariana Islands in the northeast of the Philippines, with the depth of about 11,000 meters, making it the "fourth most polar" earth. The Mariana Trench is the best natural window to explore the origins of ocean dynamics, material and energy transport, biogeochemical processes, crust-mantle structures and species under extreme conditions and is the best place to study deep sea science and technology.
The experiment is led by the Northwestern Polytechnical University Navigation College Ocean Observation and Detection Technology Research Team. In cooperation with Ocean University of China, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the First Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, this experiment focuses on the marine environment noise distribution in the Mariana Trench, Trench acoustic propagation characteristics and other major scientific issues. After nearly a year of preparation, the design, research and development, testing and acoustic design of the Mariana Trench acoustic experiment program have been completed.
In order to understand the issue of "how sound propagates in such a deep trench," our scientists conducted this acoustic experiment in the Mariana Trench. Lulian Port, an associate researcher at the Institute of First Marine Institute of the State Oceanic Administration, said in an interview with reporters: This is the first time that China conducted acoustic experiments in the Mariana Trench, but only one example of the related experiment carried out abroad.
In recent years, Chinese scientists, as well as scientists from the United States and Japan, have conducted a series of studies on key scientific issues such as biological diversity of troughs, systematic origin and evolution mechanism, archaeal channels, and virus characteristics and functions. However, Related observations and research on the characteristics of very few.
In the acoustics experiment, the experimental team successfully deployed and recovered the underwater acoustic observation potential of 10,000 meters in the Challenger Abyss of Mariana Trench, and realized the full water depth observation of the acoustic characteristics of the trench. The acoustic sensor coverage depth ranged from 200 to 9300 Meter. The experimental team also conducted a fixed-point sound source launch in the Mariana Trench, obtained the acoustic propagation characteristics of the Mariana Trench, and laid the foundation for revealing the sound propagation in the deepest waters of the world.
The experimental team mounted six self-contained acoustic sensors on the long-term comprehensive observation submarine Mariana Trench, scheduled to be recycled by November 2018. At the appointed time, the marine environment noise observation data of the Mariana Trench will be obtained throughout the year, which will be the first-hand information for listening to the deepest sounds in the ocean and exploring the mysteries of unknown acoustics found in the deepest parts of the oceans."