These financing vehicles/packages are never quite that straightforward.
The AIIB is a government level financing vehicle that will only deal at the Highest Level. It is a commissioning Bank and it will deal with a local actioning Institution, which itself will deal with the actual project and the head contractors. Further, the financing is highly unlikely to be the sole body of finance, but will negotiate packages at top level for other State and Private banks, Institutions and Governmental/NGO's to invest as well. In addition other participants may be involved at lower levels as well.
The primary function of a Bank such as the AIIB (other than provide a proportion of finance) is to provide confidence to all the other parties.
I will try and give you a hypothetical example of what this would mean in practice and based on the type of structures discussed in the document.
Lets say that a specific project is a 500km stretch of one of the Silk Road corridors somewhere in one the Central Asian Stans.
The proposition includes
A 500km connecting stretch of multilane highway
A 500km connecting stretch of upgraded goods railway
A 500km connecting stretch of new HSR - part of a new Beijing - Moscow Line
A logistics Hub in the Provincial Capital
A new Int Free Trade Economic Zone/Business Park
A Dam and Hydro Power Project
Two other Power Stations and transmission lines
Oil Pipeline from adjacent Oil Fields and Storage facility/rail transfer yard
Significant property building and amenity provision in city, for expected massive expansion.
Each part is a substantial project in its own right. Each section needs to liaise with the connecting projects at either end, some of which may be across national borders.
Each country will then have a national co-ordination body that will oversee all the sections within its borders. Greater coordination, across borders will use Regional bodies like the SCO.
The national Co-ordinating body will provide oversight for all the projects and will deal with major lenders like the AIIB. The body will sit down with the AIIB and other banks and lenders and arrange/negotiate funding packages for each section and indeed individual areas within it.
Just to make life even more interesting, some aspects may be purely local, but some (such as the HST connection) would be part of a single project, with a single main contractor building its full length. Others can be localised and just joined up - with a lot of co-ordination of standards and timing etc (as precisely discussed in the document).
So what sort of package would you see:
The AIIB putting in a generous percentage of the full cost and looking for local banks and government to match it on a proportional basis. Other funding to come from specific national, Regional (like the Silk Road Fund) or even UN grants, while some elements funded entirely by Industry (Oil Companies) etc.
The key is that the project will be implemented and financed via a phased plan and will likely contain elements long planned (maybe even financed) in isolation.
Investors; albeit Government, Private and Industrial are a nervous bunch and so it really will take a funding body backed by many of the worlds richest nations and driven primarily by one of the richest to actually overcome the caution and give all parties the confidence to commit and invest.
Sorry if this is long winded and hypotheticals can be dangerous.
Maybe it would easier to say, that the number of different funding sources and the institutions in all the countries of the Silk Road corridors is like a bowl full of noodles. The job of the AIIB is to help separate and stretch those noodles so they line up neatly and connect seamlessly with each other.
