In addition to the active-duty People’s Liberation Army, the first category of the Chinese armed forces also includes the reserve force. As seen earlier, the International Institute for Strategic Studies estimates 510,000 reserve personnel. As best we know, that number comes from official Chinese sources
and hasn’t been updated since. The 2019 white paper,
, acknowledged this element was being reformed. Indeed, over the past 15 years, the reserve unit structure changed drastically. The number of Army reserve units was reduced, with some of their personnel/units being transferred to the Air Force reserve. At the same time, reserve units in the other services and forces were expanded to some degree. The 2023 Pentagon report notes that Army reserve units have begun restructuring into a “reserve base system.” At least five such bases have been identified, one per theater, numbered 1 through 5 — for example, the Eastern Theater’s
(陆军预备役第一基地). Details of these changes remain unclear. A new
has been issued.
have been adjusted to parallel the active-duty rank structure from private to senior colonel. Unfortunately, the 2023 Pentagon report confused the issue of reserve numbers by reporting both the 510,000 number on one page and 1.17 million on an earlier page.
With all the changes under way, the best that can be said is that the current number of personnel in the reserve force has not been announced publicly by the Chinese government.