China has a huge and sophisticated ship building industry that can supply most of the components and subsystems.
India don't, and the comprison is night and day.
and I would argue even Russia after fall of USSR would have difficult time as alot of its defense plant is scattered into former soviet republics and worst of all the central planning system that connected all these enterprises together is no more.
any one of the two big state ship builders CSSA or CSIC would have no problem source most the carrier components in house.
heck even some of these smaller ship builders, some private, would have no problem assembling hulls for let's say a miniflattop.
If china were facing what US faced in 1940, it's ship yards would have no problem mobilizing and cranking out jeep carriers and liberty ships like US did during ww2.