09III/09IV (093/094) Nuclear Submarine Thread

Maikeru

Colonel
Registered Member
I think it is more like 6-8 slots in active use, so about half of that estimate.

I just don't see Type-093B assembly taking 24-36 months.

And even if Type-093B assembly times are 24 months, that implies only 6 slots used. Add 2 Type-095 and an SSBN, and it still only comes to 10 slots out of the 12 slots in the 1st Assembly Hall. So what about the 2nd Assembly Hall with another 8 slots which has presumably been sitting empty since 2021.

--

In the past 5 years, Virginia SSN assembly times have jumped to an average of 34 months.
I think this is due to the effects of COVID, personel retirements and also the Columbia-class being a higher priority which sucks up all the available resources.

In the prior 12 year period (from 2008-2020), there were 14 boats built with an average assembly time of 18 months. But at the beginning of this period, assembly times were less than 10 months.

At the time, the key driver was to get the costs down and US nuclear submarine construction was funded at a minimal level of 1 submarine per year. And you can reduce costs by extending construction times.

Given that 2 shipyards (Groton and NN) alternated assembly, that meant each shipyard only assembled a new submarine every 24 months. So there was no rush to assembly submarines quickly and get them launched.

So during this 12 year period, we can see that the US nuclear submarine chain was being run down.
(Note this run down began before, from 1990-2020.)

---

Now, data on Chinese submarine construction is much less available.
But it does look like that in the 2008-2020 period, the Chinese supply chain was building the equivalent of 1 SSN per year, when you look at the Type-093 and Type-094 combined.

So in the 2008-2020 period, we have both the Chinese and American supply chains at 1 SSN-equivalent per year.
But the American supply chain is running down, and the Chinese supply chain is ramping up.

By 2020, the Type-093 is a mature platform, and we see the first Type-093B variant emerge after 24-36? months.
It is the first ship from a new construction hall and it is a new, larger variant, so we can expect it would take longer to assemble than subsequent boats.

---

So an average 36 month estimate of assembly times for the overall Type-093B programme just doesn't look correct.

Even a 24 month assembly time, means an assumption that the Chinese supply chain for building an established SSN design is significantly worse than the US supply chain. But that assumption flies in the face of:

1. Brand-new, modern production facilities at Bohai, compared to the old facilities in the US

2. A separate building for painting and/or anechoic tile outfitting, which means this task doesn't have to happen in the assembly hall, unlike in the US

3. That the Type-093B should be an easier boat to build, given its smaller size

4. The Virginia is at 1.2 boats per year, with an 18month average assembly time, split across two assembly sites. This means that for two-thirds of the 2010-2020 period, Groton wasn't actively assembling any submarines. The same applies to the Newport News site. You can see how shipbuilding skills atrophy, there are wait times to get resources and there is was urgency to quickly assemble submarines.

5. The increased scale of production of the Type-093B, which is running at 2.5x greater than the Virginia rate Plus this is all concentrated in a single building, not across 2 locations.

6. Adjacent industries such as civilian nuclear reactors, surface warship construction and heavy industry in general. In all these cases, we can see Chinese capability when we're talking about scaling up and producing established designs.

---

But let's go with a 24 month assembly time, which means an average of 6 Type-093B (occupying 6 slots) are in various stages of module assembly at any time. This would compare to Groton/NN having an average of 0.33 SSNs to assemble at any time, so Bohai would have 18x more submarines under simultaneous assembly at a single site .

If a shipyard is assembling at a scale which is 18x greater, you simultaneously benefit from:

1. Specialist resources being available quicker, so there's no waiting around like in Groton/NN with its 18 month assembly times. And costs go down, because those specialist resources have a higher utilisation rate.

2. And because they are repeating tasks at a faster rate, they get better at this faster, it's cheaper, and it's worthwhile to automate/specialise. You end up with a virtuous cycle regarding cost and time. So why should the Type-093B remain at 24 or even 18 months?

Therefore my guess is that assembly times for the Type-093B should be around 12 months. That would mean 3 slots occupied which still represents 9x more submarines under simultaneous assembly than at Groton/NN.

In the absence of information (and with no contrary information), this is my best guess as to what has already happened, or will soon happen with the subsequent batch of Type-093B.

Given China's known industrial capabilities, I think the default assumption should be that China can match and exceed any pre-existing achievement that has already occurred. Or at least, will soon do so.
Well, however long it takes to build an 093B, it can't be as long as an Astute class boat. Agamemnon took over 12 years from laydown to commissioning and it's still in trials!

Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!
 

AndrewS

Brigadier
Registered Member
I've already said my part on the matter.

I think with all of your predictions you have a tendency to be overly optimistic with assumptions that you integrate as key elements without challenging if they are actually legitimate or credible especially in context of the gravity of the outcome if they were true.

The gravity of the outcome should have no bearing on the analysis process.

The results of an analysis are what they are, as long as the assumptions are laid out and why.
The point of doing an analysis is to see what the outcome is, and then assess the implications and their gravity.

This is why so many analyses from the West are so wrong about China, because there are certain outcomes that they can't accept in their worldview.

---

The assumption of 24-36 months of assembly time requires that Chinese Type-93B production capability be markedly inferior to American Virginia production capability, but all the available data (direct and indirect) indicates Chinese capability/speed being way better, and there are so many data points.

---

And thinking about it, another data point came to mind, which is Gavekel's recent analysis of manufacturing productivity between selected American and Chinese industries.

In civilian shipbuilding, they estimate each Chinese worker produces 2.85x more shipbuilding tonnage than their American equivalent. And in the preceding one year period, Chinese workers increased their productivity by 15%, whilst American shipbuilding productivity was stagnant.

They also note that robot density in the overall Chinese manufacturing sector in 2024 was 50% higher than in the US.

This doesn't address nuclear submarine construction capability directly, but you can see the implications
 
Last edited:

Blitzo

General
Staff member
Super Moderator
Registered Member
The gravity of the outcome should have no bearing on the analysis process.

On the contrary the gravity of the outcome should absolutely influence the weighting of the evidence and underlying assumptions.

Things like aero-engine progress, carrier construction count, nuclear submarine construction count, are strategically important in a manner that is greater than say, the production rate difference of a AFV or an assault rifle with greater implications for underlying technological capabilities and significance in a conflict, which should absolutely mandate greater caution around the inputs put in.


The results of an analysis are what they are, as long as the assumptions are laid out and why.
The point of doing an analysis is to see what the outcome is, and then assess the implications and their gravity.

This is why so many analyses from the West are so wrong about China, because there are certain outcomes that they can't accept in their worldview.

You don't need to tell me the flaws of western projections of PLA or PRC progress.

However that does not invalidate the point that we as observers also have a responsibility to know which projections may be more consequential than others and which ones we have the freedom to be more cavalier about and which we do not.



The assumption of 24-36 months of assembly time requires that Chinese Type-93B production capability be markedly inferior to American Virginia production capability, but all the available data (direct and indirect) indicates Chinese capability/speed being way better, and there are so many data points.

---

And thinking about it, another data point came to mind, which is Gavekel's recent analysis of manufacturing productivity between selected American and Chinese industries.

In civilian shipbuilding, they estimate each Chinese worker produces 2.85x more shipbuilding tonnage than their American equivalent. And in the preceding one year period, Chinese workers increased their productivity by 15%, whilst American shipbuilding productivity was stagnant.

They also note that robot density in the overall Chinese manufacturing sector in 2024 was 50% higher than in the US.

This doesn't address nuclear submarine construction capability directly, but you can see the implications

Let's wait until we see Bohai pump out some SSNs at a pace that is of such a pace first in a manner which is irrefutable, before setting that as a reasonable baseline expectation or projection.
 

Aspide

New Member
Registered Member
Well, however long it takes to build an 093B, it can't be as long as an Astute class boat. Agamemnon took over 12 years from laydown to commissioning and it's still in trials!
12 years for a boat is a lot, although the Brits are not unique.
Boats are becoming extremely complex machines. USA has slowed down from 2 boats a year to a single since 2022, with average of 6 years between laying down and commissioning. Russians have an average of 8 years, both Borei and Yasen, Borei is built at a slightly faster pace, as nuclear deterrence is a priority. French are on par with Brits, Suffren class boat takes 12 years between laying down and commissioning.
The bottleneck is not the construction of the hulls, rather the production rate of nuclear powerplants, sonar suites and other complex equipment.
 

para80

Junior Member
Registered Member
The bottleneck is primarily thin financing for keeping the yards going. Neither the UK nor French design actually require 12 years to built, but if you have to negotiate an adequate pace until the next requirement is filled, this is what you end up with. There's no point producing SSN no one wants to buy.
 
Top