This 100km from border does not mean that people and material are arriving from 100km. it could be 10,000km in circular way. this in addition to enormous logistic effort Russia put in shifting trade away from West.
I think this is very evident both in my comment and in the others who are talking about the terrible logistics of the Russians 100 km from the border, when the RuGF manages to use tens of thousands of artillery shells more than 6 months of high war intensity.
As for the tyranny of distance in logistics, I agree with you, but the rail modal greatly mitigates the distances traveled by trucks, the Russian logistics brigade that performs rail functions manages to mitigate any influence of the long distance of Russian logistics.
This article is interesting.
Keeping the rate of fire at 50,000 as some sources claim, say the 152mm which weighs an average of 50kg is very difficult for most, if not all, armies. For the Russians, 50,000 shells a day is therefore 2,500 tons a day. Ukraine mentioned 5,000-6,000 shells a day. Assuming M107 shells, this translates to 250-300 tons per day. Using standard 5-ton trucks, that's 50-60 trucks per trip. Highly visible. It might decrease the number if the HEMTT is packed, but the logistic train is obvious. The US will not risk direct flights to Ukraine, most are being shipped to Poland, meaning longer transport distances double or triple the trucks (and fuel) needed. The difficulty is that most Ukrainian artillery is old, for example 122mm/152mm. Ammunition factories, for example, transmobiles in Bulgaria can manufacture, but in limited volume (probably at most hundreds per day) due to lack of demand. It makes no sense to expand the construction of 122/152 mm shells only to Ukraine, but this is an option because Ukraine already has hundreds of such artillery.
50,000 to 60,000 Russian shells a day - that's a staggering number if you need to. Russia may have huge stockpiles of ammunition, but even that would mean 350,000 rounds a week. There's no way to maintain that long-term burn rate without having decent logistics.
For example:
50,000 a day in 10 days is 500,000
In 100 days there are 5,000,000 projectiles
In 120 days, there are 6,000,000 projectiles.
Assuming an average load weighing 50 kg and you have 300,000,000 million kilograms, or if you prefer, 300,000 tons. It would take 15,000 large trucks (20 t) to carry all this ammunition. And we didn't even take into account the projection load. Obviously, if you transport in 1 day, you shoot 50,000 a day, you transport 2,500 tons a day with trucks that carry 20 tons, you need 125 trucks, with trucks with a capacity of 5 tons you will need 500 trucks. If the distance traveled takes more than 1 day, you will need more trucks. Moving 125 super-heavy trucks per day or even more, say, 200 or 300 is perfectly attainable, as long as you have the necessary stocks, qualified personnel and well-planned logistics. But the problem is that this is only for the logistics of the artillery units, this would be a logistics only for the ammunition, replenishing the stock of ammunition for the units of the front line, it would still be necessary a whole logistics for the spares for the artillery pieces, parts for vehicles, fuel for vehicles, food supplies among many other things that demand even more trucks. Due to the distance, I would say that each trip takes less than 1 day, therefore, reducing the number of trucks needed for logistics, but it will still be a huge amount of trucks needed to supply ground forces, which demands planned logistics and totally viable.
VKS performance is very effective thats why Ukraine need so much mobilization and more air defense system.
It's not effective, its terrible.