Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and Global South strategic cooperation

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Cambodia extradited a notorious kingpin who has been targeted by both Chinese and US law enforcement.

Cambodia says it has extradited to China a billionaire businessman accused of masterminding a vast cryptocurrency scam in which trafficked workers were lured to forced labour camps to defraud victims globally. Chen Zhi was among three Chinese nationals arrested on 6 January after a joint investigation into transnational crime lasting several months, Cambodia said.

The US charged the 37-year-old, who was born in south-east China, last October with running internet scams from Cambodia that it said had stolen billions in cryptocurrency. The
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it alleged belonged to him.
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. US prosecutors said it was one the biggest financial takedowns in history and the largest ever seizure of bitcoin.

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India is reportedly negotiating with Alipay to integrate payment systems for cross-border transactions.

NEW DELHI, Feb 2 (Reuters) - India is in talks with China-related Ant International to allow digital payments platform Alipay+ to be linked to India's leading instant payments system for cross-border transactions, two government sources told Reuters. The move would help make payments easier for Indian tourists as they would be able to use India's Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with merchants in countries that have signed up with Alipay+.

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Russian oil prices are at record lows for teapots, thanks to deeper discounts. Volumes are, not surprisingly, at record highs.

SINGAPORE, Feb 5 (Reuters) - Discounts on Russian oil exports to China widened to new records this week as sellers cut prices to lure demand from the world's top crude importer and offset the likely loss of India sales, traders said. Price cuts for China came after
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announced on Monday
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with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi that included halting oil purchases from Russia, but without giving details on how and when.

"China, especially Shandong's independent refiners, are the main beneficiaries of this trend — absorbing most displaced Russian barrels and boosting margins, runs, and strategic stockpiles thanks to deep discounts and supportive domestic policy," the analysts wrote in a February 4 note. Discounts for ESPO Blend, delivered from the Pacific port of Kozmino to China, widened to nearly $9 a barrel to ICE Brent this week, from $7–$8 in recent months, trade sources said. Discounts for Russian Urals grade, exported from the Baltics - typically to India - were at about $12 per barrel and could widen further, they added.

China's Russian seaborne crude imports rose to a record 1.7 million barrels per day in January, as India cut back imports to 1.1 million bpd, the lowest since November 2022, data from analytics firm Kpler showed.

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South Africa signed a framework agreement for trade today.

CAPE TOWN, South Africa -- CAPE TOWN, South Africa (AP) —
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and South Africa signed a framework agreement for a new trade deal on Friday as Africa's leading economy looks to other options following
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imposed on it by the U.S. and its diplomatic fallout with the Trump administration. South Africa's Ministry of Trade and Industry said the agreement would start negotiations over a deal that would give some South African goods, such as fruit, duty-free access to the Chinese market. The ministry said it expected the trade deal to be finalized by the end of March. In return, the trade ministry said China will get enhanced investment opportunities in South Africa, where
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have seen rapid growth.

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Indonesia replacing old Japanese trains with new CRRC + local ones.

JAKARTA -- Government-run railway operator Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) has been busy replacing the Jakarta commuter line's outdated train cars built in Japan with newer models manufactured in China and at home. KAI has already introduced 11 sets of Chinese-made trains, and home-built trains are being ordered as part of a fleet upgrade.

The models for many of these trains were introduced in the 1970s and '80s. The interiors still retain ceiling fans and signage with phrases in Japanese, such as "crew only" and "emergency light." It is not unusual to see Japanese fans taking photos from platforms on weekends. But these trains are now being retired. Eleven sets built by China's CRRC group were deployed in 2025. A Japanese company reportedly bid on this project but lost out over pricing. Kereta Commuter Indonesia plans to procure a total of 30 new train sets by 2027, according to a late-January report by Indonesian publication Tempo, which cited an executive.

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Huh, I didn't know that Vietnam was so diligent about studying digital best practices.

The following year, Vietnam’s Minister of Public Security Trần Đại Quang, who later served as the President from 2016 to 2018, advocated for the concept of cyber sovereignty in his book Cyberspace – Future and Actions. He referenced Xi Jinping’s speech at the 2018 Cybersecurity and Informatization Work Conference on the concept as a key source of inspiration for shaping Vietnam’s cybersecurity policies: ‘There is no national security without cybersecurity; the Internet and information security have become new challenges for the PRC as both are closely tied to national security and social stability.’

More recently, in 2022, the then-Minister of Public Security Tô Lâm – one of the main architects of the 2018 Cybersecurity Law – published a book called Cyberspace sovereignty – The Demands of the Era and National Obligations, which discusses cyberthreats as justifications for more repressive measures to control the internet. A series of conferences followed in April 2022 and February 2024 to discuss the book and cyber sovereignty model. In August 2024, Tô Lâm became the VCP General Secretary, elevating him to the most powerful position in the country. These examples are emblematic of how Vietnam has integrated cyber sovereignty into high-level Party narratives, laws, and regulations, in line with the similar approach taken by the PRC.

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Record oil imports from Russia on deep discounts after India pulled back, especially w.r.t. western grades like Urals (as opposed to eastern Siberian grades like ESPO which typically go to China).

SINGAPORE, Feb 16 (Reuters) - China's Russian oil imports are set to climb for a third straight month to a new record high in February as independent refiners snapped up deeply discounted cargoes after India slashed purchases, according to traders and ship-tracking data. Russian crude shipments are estimated to amount to 2.07 million barrels per day for February deliveries into China, surpassing January's estimated rate of 1.7 million bpd, an early assessment by Vortexa Analytics shows. Kpler's provisional data showed February imports at 2.083 million bpd, up from 1.718 million bpd in January.

China has since November replaced India as Moscow's top client for seaborne shipments as Western sanctions over the
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and pressure to clinch a trade deal with the U.S. forced New Delhi to
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imports to a
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in December. India's Russian crude imports are estimated to fall further to 1.159 million bpd in February, Kpler data showed.

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Cross-border infrastructure with North Korea is expanding.

A Reuters examination reveals how Beijing is deepening engagement with North Korea as U.S. President Donald Trump prepares to visit China and expresses interest in
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for the first time since 2019. Satellite imagery shows China and North Korea are installing new infrastructure along the border — including roadworks and port facilities, some not previously reported — and forging closer economic links that boost Beijing's sway over any U.S. overtures to Pyongyang.

To document the shift, Reuters reviewed trade data, traveled along parts of the 1,350-kilometer border and interviewed some three dozen people, including North Korean waitresses, Chinese business owners with factories in North Korea, Western tour operators, and a Chinese government official. Most spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the topic.

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