A few thoughts on PL-15 being acquired intact or important pieces found.
- Even if a fully intact PL-15 or PL-15 seeker was found, India does not have the industrial capability to replicate it. It would be like if Japan's AAM-4 (first AESA AAM in service in the world) had dropped into China in 2000, China didn't have the semiconductor production ability to re-create it.
- There is no doubt about this, China is capable of 100% production of the Flanker and it's own customizations. India cannot do the same with the Su-30. Someone had mentioned why they drag on with the "Super 30" upgrade, the reality is they cannot do it. The proposed "Super 30" is supposed to use the Virupaakhsha AESA radar, an improved version of the Uttam AESA, which is not yet in production. Not to sound so insulting, but they cannot deploy an upgraded version of something that doesn't really exist.
- Things are mostly digitally controlled now, rather than mechanical, it is not easily to reverse engineer by copying the physical aspects. You need access to the source code which is not in the missile.
- The PL-15's performance is not a big surprise. There have been numerous western reports about concerns with respect to the range which exceeded AIM-120's. It was already well known that it used an AESA seeker. AIM-174 was basically a quick and dirty response to PL-15 and PL-17, and was already shown by 2018. The only surprise is if Rafale's SPECTRA countermeasures totally failed it.
The last point cannot be said definitively. Clearly the IAF had put the planes in a terrible situation basically to be sniped at, and we don't know if there was any pilot error.