They are the same, the only difference is that the Anglos espouse a progressive ideology while Islam is very retrograde.
Like I said, Islam is not just a religion, it's an complete ideology with different components. It has a political component, legal component (sharia), financial component, religious component, societal and cultural component, and even a military component (exemplified by jihad). It becomes a problem when adherents try to adopt its complete form, where the Chinese and the Yorubas have succeeded is only adopting the religious component but rejecting the rest. The Chinese understand this well that's why you see them making sure that while its Muslims can practice their faith in peace they make sure they keep them culturally Chinese, hence a successful pacification. It's the same with the Yorubas, they are culturally Yoruba and keep their traditional culture above everything else, it's because of this reason they can marry non Muslims without requiring them to convert and have children where some are Muslim and some are Christian, they live in peace.
There's another Central Asian nation that has just recently banned the hijab and other cultural elements that comes with Islam, they have also figured it out. They want to promote their traditional culture and keep Islam only as a religion and not a complete ideology. It's the same with Albania that's why you don't hear about problems there.
I'm not so sure it's in China's long term interests to strengthen the Islamic world, it's in China's interests to make sure the Americans are bogged down protecting its baby in the region long enough for it keep gaining strength. There's no inherent benefit to inserting itself by explicitly picking a side, it can get the same benefits by not committing as much resources to one side against the other.
Oh boy... here we go:
WARNING: wall of text crits you!
You're right in saying that Islam has different components, but there's still a giant misunderstanding in what you wrote. The "true" components (what's explicitly mentionned in Quran and Hadith) are based on fairly simple and reasonable principles that can be found in other religions since they're universal in nature. In fact, they can be summarised as: do good, don't do bad. The rest of it is simply tradition that originated mainly from arabs and the middle east in general.
I'll give some examples: for the military component, what is mentionned in the original text can be summarised as "if you want peace, prepare for war" and "don't initiate conflict, but be ready to retaliate". The whole Jihad thing is a misunderstanding. Jihad means "struggle": overcoming the multiple tribulations encountered through life without losing one's faith. Fighting a war can be a form of Jihad IF it is done with just cause (so within the limits set by the text). Those who die while doing so become martyrs, but martyrdom is not exclusive to fighters. Innocent victims who fall victim to unjust murder (in war or otherwise) are also martyrs. Heck, depending on circumstances, even those who die by drowning can become martyrs. And the list goes on... The association between killing "infidels" and going to heaven is fundamentally false (on purpose or due to ignorance) since Quran explicitly states "killing a person without a just cause is equivalent to killing all of them (in sin)": it doesn't stae "killing a believer..." and if you read the rest of the text you'll find that simply being an infidel doesn't make one eligible for killing since they'll be punished in the afterlife (even that is circumstantial).
For the cultural component, outside of the arabic language which must be learned to recite Quran, it is nonexistent. Whatever culture is associated with Islam, is a product of arabic traditions that they might have imposed on other civilizations later on.
For the economic component, it is mainly based on "don't cheat and scam people" and "don't practice usury". There might be other less important "commandments" (I heard that profit margins are limited to 1/3, but I'm not sure), but those are the main ones.
Now for the big one: the political and legal component. Sharia law is a completely different set of laws that is based on completely different set of priorities accorded to certain morals and punishments. It may appear extremely severe and overkill on the surface, but it's actually pretty fair once you explore it's details. Here's an example: those who steal get their hand chopped off to scare those who might be harboring similar intentions, but that only applies to people who are not in need. Those who are poor and desperate should get free money and help to find an honorable job. Now I won't be debaiting wether it is superior to other systems or not since I lack the relevant knowledge, but I will say this: while Islam does encourage implementing Sharia law or seeking to do so through politics, activism and other forms of peaceful persuation, it PROHIBITS doing it through violence since innocents will inevitably be involved.
One last thing I want to add wrt the relation between Islam and the different cultures/governments, is that the text states that one must first obey Allah, the the prophet, then their parents and then those who gouvern them, in that order. So unless the government issues a law that forces people into committing a severe transgression against those who have a higher priority (ex: you MUST eat pig meat or drink alcohol), one shouldn't seek conflict against it. Even then you're not obliged to do so. A well known Hadith goes by smth like this "if you see evil, oppose it through your actions. If you can't, then through your tongue (words). If you can't, then through your heart (inner thoughts)".
As for how China should deal with the Muslim world, it depends on what kind of muslim they are (how actually useful and disciplined they are), but it should at large leave them alone, neither helping nor hampering and exploiting them. They don't deserve China's friendship and benevolence, given how badly they've been behaving and their utter ignorance/disregard to their "most sacred" religion which should constitute the basis for their values and morals.
