Why China Has Not Caught Up Yet- the Limits of Imitation, Reverse Engineering, and Cyber Espionage

What mumbo jumbo of an article - I bet China knows very well the limitations mentioned in the article, that's why their spending in R&D grew 17% a year from 2000 to 2017, and they have established 1st rate research institutions in the world according to Nature Index. The authors seem oblivious to these facts.

For years, the United States has remained the undisputed leader in funding for scientific research and development with investment growing at an average of 4.3% per year from 2000 to 2017. China is making steady progress at closing the innovation gap, however, with R&D spending growing by more than 17% each year during the same period. That's according to the latest edition of the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF) biennial Science and Engineering Indicators report which found that total global R&D expenditure expanded threefold between 2000 and 2017, rising from $722 billion to $2.2 trillion.

In 2017, total U.S. spending on R&D added up to $549 billion (PPP), while China came a not too distant second with $496 billion. Globally, the U.S. and China accounted for nearly half of the world's global R&D total in 2017 at 25% and 23% respectively. China's rapid progress can be seen by its spending levels at the turn of the century when R&D expenditure only totalled $33 billion while U.S. investment came to $269 billion.

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According to the Nature Index, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked #1 in the world overall, in Physical Sciences, Chemistry, and Earth and Environmental Sciences, and ranked #5 in Life Sciences


China not only has the world's 1st rate research institutions nowadays, it is also closing the gap quickly with the U.S. as the most prolific publisher of high-quality natural-sciences research papers. Especially if you take the fact into consideration that a lot of U.S. research papers were actually written by ethnical Chinese. So China has both 1st rate research institutions and research programs.

Furthermore, according to the Nature Index, all the top 44 rising stars of researching institution since 2015 are from China:


The 10 fastest raising academic institutions 2020 is also all from China, according to the Nature Index:


I'm not even going to mention that China has about 8 times more STEM graduates than the U.S. and the fact that Chinese have one of the world's highest IQ. Personally, I'm quite optimistic that China will have breakthroughs in the semiconductor industry, quantum computer, AI, the aviation industry etc etc in the next 10 years. I feel that China sowed the seeds in the past 20 years, and the next 10 years will be the season of harvest.

Sounds like stuff Blackstone use to post. Or maybe it's...

Look at those who think they're the conscience of China but they're just carrying out what their masters that conquered them want. I remember being in Oakland Chinatown and I saw a Chinese Christian on a corner trying to convert the heathens around him walking by and his non-Chinese master was several steps away observing his apprentice. It won't look good for him to speak saying the things his apprentice was saying. If you've been to San Francisco's Chinese New Year Parade, they're out in force there too since the parade is a heathen ritual. It's all passive aggressive. Act like they're civil but then there's a point when they're not succeeding the anger comes out.

It's called plausible deniability. It's like when civilians are killed in US bombings, the excuse is if they didn't want to be bombed, they should've revolted and toppled their own government.