he U.S. Air Force has identified the key technologies it needs to develop for a next-generation air superiority fighter that will replace the
Raptor, including a more powerful, fuel-efficient engine for extended range and increased stealth relative to current capabilities.
Gen. Mike Holmes, commander of Air Combat Command, stresses the importance of developing a sophisticated new aircraft to replace the F-22, particularly as potential adversaries develop ever more advanced weapons like Russia’s recently designated Su-57 stealth fighter.
“That’s a good-looking airplane, and certainly it will pose threats to our fourth-generation airplanes and we will have to continue to work to improve the F-22 all the time and the
to try to keep an advantage there,” Holmes said in an interview here Aug. 17. “Eventually you will run into a limit in your ability to improve those platforms, and so we need to have something else ready.”
The Air Force has spent the last few years studying what it will take to ensure control of the skies for the rest of the century as part of its Air Superiority 2030 effort—including an F-22 follow-on, or Penetrating Counter Air (PCA). The air arm is still working through an analysis of alternatives to determine the capabilities of the new platform, but “we think we have the technologies picked out,” Holmes said.
Extended range will be a key feature, likely to allow the new fighter to self-deploy and to accompany the new B-21 bomber on deep penetration missions. Increased range drives increased airframe size and engine power, Holmes explained. PCA’s engine will need to be more fuel efficient, have more thrust and more cooling air to support a longer-range and even stealthier airframe than current technology allows, he said.
The Air Force together with engine manufacturers Pratt & Whitney and
have been working on a new class of combat aircraft propulsion systems based on three-stream engine technology that might fit this bill. The third stream provides an extra source of air flow that, depending on the phase of the mission, is designed to provide either additional mass flow for increased propulsive efficiency and lower fuel burn for longer endurance, or additional core flow for higher thrust and cooling air to boost combat performance.
This technology, which is being matured under the Air Force’s Adaptive Engine Transition Program (AETP), is part of the service’s efforts to develop PCA, Holmes acknowledged.
Stealth also will be a key requirement for the new aircraft, despite potential tradeoffs such as speed, and the advancement of counterstealth radars that some argue make stealth obsolete, Holmes said.
“It’s a cat-and-mouse game, and it’s never over,” he said. “It’s not that you build something that can help detect stealth airplanes and now there’s no need to pursue stealth—it keeps going and you keep countering each other’s advantages and coming up with new ideas.”
The Air Force also is looking at the weapons a future air superiority fighter might require, and how many it would need in internal weapons bays, as well as its mission systems—for instance sensors and fusion capabilities, Holmes said.
Holmes declined to specify what developmental weapons technologies the Air Force has picked for the new fighter to field, saying “it will have appropriate weapons for its mission.”
The Air Force for the first time revealed a funding line for a secretive “Air Dominance Air-to-Air Weapon” in fiscal 2018 budget documents this year, requesting $1 million to stand up the project. Little is known about the next-generation air-to-air capability, but it may be a successor to the
-built
Sidewinder and AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile the Raptor currently carries, or possibly a longer-range version of those weapons. A longer-range air-to-air missile also could equip future non-stealthy aircraft that have to stand off from surface-to-air missile threats.
Now that the Air Force has identified key technologies for PCA, the next step is to make them a reality—“taking ideas and getting to where they are manufacturable and buildable,” Holmes said. But he made the caveat that PCA depends on alignment with the results of Secretary of Defense James Mattis’ Defense Strategic Guidance, as well as getting sufficient funding to keep all of the technology development activities on track.
Overall, the Air Force requested $294.7 million in fiscal 2018 to continue studying options for PCA.
“Right now our focus is on getting the money to keep those development activities on track so that we won’t be missing a piece of it when we get ready to go forward with an airplane,” Holmes said.