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Document: DoD Plans to Integrate Women Into Special Operations Forces
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Women could enter Navy SEAL training by September
With the path to the elite SEAL teams opening to women, female special operator hopefuls could be entering the military's most arduous training by late summer.

The likeliest timeline for women would be to enter Naval Special Warfare Preparatory School on Sept. 19 and then the Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL course in Coronado, Calif. early next year .

The head of the Navy SEALs said the training will be opened to women, but cautioned that this process will yield few qualified women and could prove a distraction for his force's core competency — combat effectiveness.

"In the near term, achieving integration, and evolving existing cultures will channel focus and energy away from core combat readiness and effectiveness efforts," said Rear Adm. Brian Losey, the head of Naval Special Warfare Command, in his letter summarizing the SEAL's 48-page integration plan.

The plan to integrate SEALs has been controversial, with some special operations veterans saying it was a distraction and worrying that the drive to include women would come with lowering their legendary standards.

In his letter released Thursday, Losey warned against lowering those standards.

"Any deviation from the validated, operationally relevant, gender-neutral standards would undermine true integration, disrupt unit cohesion, impact combat effectiveness, and be a disservice to those exceptional candidates willing to test and serve against the required and validated standards," he said.

The plan lays out several timeline scenarios, some of which are more feasible than others. For women to enter BUD/S by late October, they would have had to have been screened before the SEALs' integration plan was released, for example. Meeting those deadlines would be needed for women to report to Naval Special Warfare Preparatory School at Great Lakes, Illinois, in May, the earliest possible date.

An NSW spokesman was unable to say Friday whether any women have screened for SEAL training.

The next enlisted panel meets in June, which would put approved women at prep school in mid-September, then at NSW orientation in early December, an eight-week process before starting BUD/S.

Per the officer timeline, if a woman was prepared to apply first thing this year, she could be at BUD/S in early 2017. However, not all commissioning pipelines would have been prepared for that.

For example, Naval Academy Superintendent Vice Adm. Ted Carter, who supplies 35 percent of special warfare officers, announced in December that he would allow women into his NSW pipeline with the class of 2017.

And once women get through BUD/S, notorious for dropping 80 percent of men, it could be up to a year before they are assigned to SEAL or SWCC units.

It's much more likely, according to their notes, that a woman who gets to boot camp in July and screens for NSW could be at prep school on Sept. 19, and NSW orientation on Dec. 1, putting the first women at BUD/S in late January 2017.

Combating concerns

Welcoming women to NSW's SEAL and special warfare combat crewmen specialties will take some logistical work, which is outlined in the plan, but they must hew to their standards, Losey wrote.

"Focusing on gender-neutrality of standards is the number one effective measure to continue successful gender integration in the force," he added.

With already low selection numbers for men, it's unlikely that special operations will see an influx of women.

In similar communities, female participation is low: divers are 0.6 percent women, while explosive ordnance disposal is 0.9 percent female enlisted and 2.5 percent female officers.

Only 13 percent of female enlisted EOD applicants make it through, and 18 percent of female diving hopefuls. That's compared to men, who get through at 31 percent and 47 percent, respectively.

"Equal opportunity may not produce equal results," Losey wrote. "While there are no insurmountable obstacles to opening all NSW positions to females, there are foreseeable impacts in achieving true integration in NSW ground combat units."

There is also considerable worry in the force that integration will become a sideshow.

Media attention is an issue, according to the plan. Unlike coverage of the Navy's integration of the riverines, women completing Marine Corps enlisted infantry training and the first women to graduate Army Ranger School, NSW is committing to keeping secret the identities of all of their trainees.

Brass tacks

Adding women to NSW is more complicated than opening the training pipeline — it will also require manning tweaks and infrastructure upgrades.

In the short-term, they're asking to multiply the number of female staff by five at the Naval Special Warfare Center. For the long-term, they want to have eight more female billets in the training phase staff.

Currently, there are 10 women assigned to NSWCEN, including an athletic trainer, physical therapist, psychologist, physician's assistant, EOD officer, senior chief hospital corpsman, an HM1 diving medical technician, a 1st class master-at-arms, a 2nd glass gunner's mate and a 2nd class boatswain's mate.

It will also cost $275,000 to physically accommodate women. They'll need $175,000 of that to install security cameras at the BUD/S barracks and another $100,000 for women's heads and showers at their San Clemente Island facilities.

The open-bay barracks will be use privacy partitions and have segregated heads, based on the Army's Ranger School. During training, there will be all-female floors and wings.

All of these changes are contingent on those gender-neutral physical standards. SEALs and SWCCs have a grueling fitness test and candidates compete against each other for a spot, graded on a curve.

Often, the average candidate swims and runs minutes faster and can do one-and-a-half times as many push-ups, sit-ups and pull-ups as the the minimum requirement.

source is NavyTimes
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talking about "contested environments": "So I’ll take that carrier strike group and we’ll distribute it, ..." said who?! the CNO!!
CNO Richardson: Navy Needs Distributed Force Of Networked Ships, Subs To Counter A2/AD Threat
The Navy will have to continue expanding its own integrated fire control network and exploiting weaknesses in adversaries’ networks to succeed in a future operating environment that includes ever-advancing long-range anti-ship cruise missiles, the chief of naval operations said.

Adm. John Richardson said Thursday at the McAleese/Credit Suisse FY 2017 Defense Programs Conference that a map of the oceans today looks scarier than it did even a couple years ago – coastal defense cruise missile batteries can cover a radius of 700 or 800 miles today, compared to 70 or 80 even a few years ago – but Richardson made clear that the U.S. Navy would not be deterred from operating in and around those chokepoints.

Asked about continued concerns that carrier strike groups shouldn’t operate in those contested environments as missiles continue to increase in range and quantity, Richardson said one way to succeed is to operate in a distributed manner and leverage electromagnetic warfare to confuse and challenge an adversary’s kill chain.

“We are constantly maneuvering. We are a global maneuver force, and so that data is highly perishable: as soon as you sense that ship, whether it’s an aircraft carrier or whatever, that’s going to be obsolete data very quickly,” Richardson said.
“And then we’ve got technologies to make every part of that kill chain, if you will, very very difficult. So it’s easy to draw these radii around and say everything inside of there is forboden. It’s just not the case. So I’ll take that carrier strike group and we’ll distribute it, we’ll make that targeting problem much harder, we’ll employ some of those electromagnetic warfare techniques. … We’ll make that an extremely difficult problem for anybody who wants to do that.”

Richardson also noted that just because a coastal defense missile system is set up at a certain location doesn’t mean it’s guaranteed to succeed against the U.S. Navy.

“If you think about the chain of events that has to happen to detect, to target, to transfer that data to a weapon system, to launch that weapon system, get it up there, it does its midcourse thing, does its terminal phase thing and all of that – if you deconstruct that whole chain of events, you can kind of disrupt that at a lot of different places,” he said.

As for the Navy’s own detect-to-engage kill chain, Richardson said he hoped to see even more sensors, platforms and payloads brought into the Naval Integrated Fire Control-Counter Air (NIFC-CA) construct to help create more options for commanders and also to make the system more resilient.

As more of these assets are tied together and able to pass fire-quality tracking information, with “so many sensors, so many platforms, so many weapons choices –and when I say weapons, I would say payloads most accurately because it may not be a kinetic missile or something, this may be an electromagnetic or a directed energy or it might be a cyber or something that we can bring to bear – you start to think of this web that emerges, or this space, and that’s I think the direction we need to head,” Richardson said.
“And then there’s a resilience that comes with that, there’s a graceful degradation and restoration that can happen in there.”

To include the maximum amount of information and create the most resilient network, Richardson – a submariner by trade – said the underwater community would have to get involved too.

“You know, submariners are just scared to death of the whole concept, but we need to bring them in so that we’ve got the benefit of all their information and their weapon systems,” he said, noting that submarines can go places undetected that surface ships cannot.
“That access leads to information, and we’ve got to plug that information into the system as well.”

Overall, he said, with planes, ships, subs, unmanned vehicles and more all tied together to support defensive and offensive operations in contested areas, “I think something like that gives anybody who wants to challenge us a heck of a lot to think about.”
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talking about "contested environments": "So I’ll take that carrier strike group and we’ll distribute it, ..." said who?! the CNO!!
CNO Richardson: Navy Needs Distributed Force Of Networked Ships, Subs To Counter A2/AD Threat

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As for the Navy’s own detect-to-engage kill chain, Richardson said he hoped to see even more sensors, platforms and payloads brought into the Naval Integrated Fire Control-Counter Air (NIFC-CA) construct to help create more options for commanders and also to make the system more resilient.
When the concept of distributed lethality was initially introduced it was conceptually difficult to relate to its utility but progressively it became clearer to me to its usefulness. Primarily the USN is ahead with the kill chain both operationally and technologically (NIFC-CA). A distributed networked force is extremely difficult operationally to target and to counter. The key is in making the whole kill chain resilient and electronics warfare will be a key component in the equation.
 

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Navy Hits Gas On Flying Gas Truck, CBARS: Will It Be Armed?

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WASHINGTON: More gas. Less stealth. Maybe weapons. New name. Same money. Tighter schedule. That, in a dozen words, is how the Navy is evolving its program for
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.

Since the cancellation of the original UCLASS drone– Unmanned Carrier-Launched Aerial Surveillance & Strike — Navy leaders have insisted they would
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. That successor is the flying fuel truck now being called the MQ-25 Stingray, a sexier designation for an unsexy aircraft than the bland Pentagon descriptor CBARS,
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.

Despite the two drones’ very different missions, it’s now clear that the performance requirements for the CBARS scout/tanker are basically a subset, a dumbed-down version, of what was envisaged for the UCLASS scout/bomber. That should allow the Navy to take the acquisition paperwork already approved for UCLASS, revise it lightly, and resubmit it for CBARS,
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to approve a “new start” program.

Navy programs must normally pass through
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for example, though some of these six steps can be combined. For CBARS, the Navy plans to compress the first five into a single meeting, after which it will issue a formal Request For Proposals to industry and an acquisition strategy sometime this summer.

“This system is so far along we’re doing what’s called a ‘Gate 1 through 5,’ (something) we’ve never done before, on the third or fourth of April,” Vice Adm.
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told reporters yesterday. The schedule’s driven simply by “when I can get CNO (Adm. John Richardson), (Sean) Stackley, and myself in one room at one time,” said Mulloy, who is vice-chief of naval operations for integration of capabilities and resources, i.e. money.

An inter-service Joint Capabilities Board (JCB) assessment will follow the Navy Gate 1-5 approval by a couple of weeks, Mulloy went on. The Office of the Secretary of Defense will have to sign off too, the admiral acknowledged, “but (in effect) they’ve already agreed to the program, because it’s de-scoped off the JROC (Joint Requirements Oversight Council) on the UCLASS stuff. There will have to be some kind of OSD review on that, but when that’ll be, I don’t know.”

Just minutes before, Mulloy had spoken to the annual McAleese/Credit Suisse defense conference. Speed on CBARS is only possible, he made clear, because it builds on the body of its predecessor.

“UCLASS is dead but the money that was appropriated by Congress in that line is still usable,” Mulloy said. “We’ve been to the Congress, we’ve talked to all the lawyers” and gotten approval.

CBARS will largely keep the requirements from CBARS, with some adjustments. “We’ve de-scoped some of the stealth requirements [and] we may expand the fuel requirement,” Mulloy said. “The four competitors that we had for UCLASS are still viable [because] we know all four vendors have air bodies that will meet those requirements.”

That doesn’t meant only those four companies — Boeing, General Atomics, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman — will be allowed to bid, Mulloy emphasized to the press later. It’s just that their past experience will give them a leg up on new competitors. The less stringent requirements, however, should make a wide range of competitors viable.

“Before it was, ‘hey, if you make it too stealthy, you cut out General Atomics, or this person can’t do it, or that one’s high-end,” Mulloy told reporters. Now, “it’s kind of wide open.”

X-47B-tanker-11118367_886736644706297_4918460128361954084_n-300x200.jpg

The experimental X-47B drone plugs into an aerial refueling tanker for the first time.

In addition to
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, the CBARS will be also capable of
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(ISR) missions, Mulloy said. The Navy envisions it refueling manned aircraft in mid-air before heading off on its own for a long patrol. That way CBARS frees up Super Hornet strike fighters for strike missions rather than “buddy tanking” or reconnaissance roles at which such high-performance machines are inefficient.

This vision is a far cry from the
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many in
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and the thinktank world wanted UCLASS to become. That’s a high technological hurdle for another day, once the Navy has some experience with the more modest CBARS under its belt, Mulloy said: “We’ll worry about the super stealth penetrator when we get to the NGAD [project],
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,” sometimes called the “sixth generation” combat aircraft.

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about abandoning the stealth bomber idea? That’s not the reaction so far, Mulloy told the media: “I’ve seen all four staff directors talking about unmanned vehicles” — the four being the House and Senate Armed Services Committees and the defense Appropriations subcommittees — “and it’s generally been, ‘okay, the Navy’s got a point here.'”

Will the CBARS even be armed? There seemed to be real confusion on this question between the Office of the Secretary of Defense,
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and the Navy, which spoke of a capability for “
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.”

“We were talking past each other with OSD,” Mulloy said. “There was a communications issue.” Unlike the Air Force, when the Navy installs pylons to attach extra fuel tanks, it always makes those pylons dual-purpose, with not only the plumbing of fuel but the electrical connections to control weapons. CBARS will be capable of carrying drop tanks, which means it will have pylons also capable of carrying weapons.

So while there’s no specific plan to arm CBARS, it will be capable of carrying weapons from the outset. (It’s worth noting, though, that any such externally mounted weapon will ruin whatever
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the aircraft possesses). Any given weapon will have to go through testing before it’s certified as safe for the drone to use, said Mulloy, but “90 percent” of the work will be done.
 

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Air Force eyes next-generation tactical data links gateway for jet fighter communications

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U.S. Air Force researchers are reaching out to industry to find companies able to design an advanced version of the 5th to 4th Gen Gateway that enables jet fighters of different generations to share a common picture over different
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.

Officials of the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center at Hanscom Air Force Base, Mass., issued a sources-sought notice on Tuesday (TBD0001) for Increment II of the 5th to 4th Gen Gateway.

The second-increment system must enable fifth-generation fighters like the F-22 and F-35 to share a common battlespace picture over different tactical data link as the first increment does, but also must have an infrared search and track (IRST) sensor as a stealthy alternative to radar to scan the skies for enemy aircraft.

The second-increment system also must have a means for maintaining satellite communications (SATCOM) during air combat, as well as the ability to create a secure common tactical picture that blends information from the F-22's inflight data link (IFDL), the F-35's multi-function advanced data link (MADL), IRST sensors, National Technical Means (NTM), and legacy Link 16 that is accessible to aircraft using Link 16.

IFDL, MADL, and Link 16 refer to airborne information-distribution data links that enable combat aircraft to share sensor information in a common tactical picture.

The legacy Link 16 is a U.S. and NATO military tactical data exchange network for aircraft, ships, ground forces, and smart munitions. In addition to creating a common tactical picture, Link 16 enables military forces working together to share text messages, imagery, and digital voice communications.

Aircraft that use Link 16 include the F-15, F-16, Eurofighter, F/A-18, and Mirage 2000 jet fighters. One problem with Link 16, however, is its RF signature, which the enemy can use to detect and track Link 16-equipped aircraft.

The Air Force F-22 Raptor jet fighter uses IFDL, which provides a low-probability-of-detection and low-probability-of-intercept inflight data link. The F-35, on the other hand, uses MADL, a fast switching narrow directional communications data link. The problem today is that Link-16, IFDL, and MADL are not compatible.

Air Force experts have tried to bridge the compatibility gap between the three data links with the first increment of the 5th to 4th Gen Gateway, which has been demonstrated by several contractors, including Boeing, Lockheed Martin, and Northrop Grumman.

In addition to an IRST, Air Force experts want the second-increment 5th to 4th Gen Gateway to have beyond-line-of-sight access to national data service providers, and a multi-level security track correlation and data fusion processor, connected to several different data domains.

The new system should be able to provide a radio solution guaranteeing interoperability with F-22 over the IFDL data link, and F-35 over the MADL data link, as well as support for IFDL Block 3.1, Block 3.2A, Block 3.2B, and Widenet Reuse; current and future MADL releases; radio interoperability between F-22 and F-35 aircraft; configuration management of the IFDL and MADL waveforms; and meet DD Form 254 requirements.

The Air Force would like to demonstrate the next-generation 5th to 4th Gen Gateway aboard an F-15C jet fighter.
 
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