There is a huge difference though. JAPAN DEVELOP ITS OWN WORLD CLASS BEATING SUPER COMPUTER BY DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING ITS OWN CPU every time they came to the top. the NEC SX-6 for example made the Earth Simulator a record shattering beast it was that reign for 2 years at the top. China on the other hand use Intel CPU (and also NVIDIA GPU) to get to the top.
Nobody doubts that Japan has one of the world's most capable high technology sectors. Of course a list like the Top 500 doesn't merely what one
can do, it reflects what is actually being done, which in turn reflects demands from relevant institutions, and the ability to fund them.
As such what I find interesting about the Top 500 list is how it parallels, however imperfectly, broader development and economic trends in the world today. Both the rapid pace of development in the sector, and the very structure of the list where every new entry means an existing entry drops out, mean that the Top 500 list is highly variable from one period to the next. Yet despite this there are some national trends over time (i.e. since 1993) apparent to the casual observer. From highest to lowest in order of the magnitude of their effect:
1. The rise of China
2. The decline of Japan
3. The decline of Germany