How does China actually upgrade these units do they just put these J-7 pilots into the J-16 and that’s it or do they shuffle around with new pilots coming in for the J-16’s.
Generally, pilots convert to operate the unit's new aircraft. Before entering service and also into active service in the unit, the conversion can be divided into phases. It largely depends on the aircraft, but the duration is generally approximately six months, divided into two phases: Conversion Training and Combat Readiness Training.
Conversion Training is the initial phase of adapting pilots to the basic operation of the aircraft in day and night flight situations, with isolated flights and formation flights. They perform landings at different aerodromes using different types of procedures and also perform maneuvers and aerobatics.
Generally, Conversion Training is 11 weeks long and has 50 flights per pilot, which comprises the basic operation of the fighter both in solo missions and in training during day and night periods.
Combat Readiness Training is dedicated to operational capabilities, focusing on the aircraft's air-to-air training, so that pilots have a good knowledge base not only on the operation of the aircraft itself, but on its HMI (human interface) philosophy. -machine).
Combat Readiness Training encompasses 25 flights lasting approximately nine weeks, where the fighter's air-to-air combat capabilities are explored using missiles, cannons and the use of the HMI, among other tasks, such as simulating the use of weapons. , radar, datalink, electronic warfare systems and perform 1×1, 2×1 combat and 2×2 BVR combat. In total, a total rate of around 50 hours is employed and the new aircraft is already declared operational.
With the conversion course, pilots are able to envision some possible employment tactics that are highly relevant in the operational scenario and which, logically, in the new aircraft, will gain a new dimension and operational range.
Back at the unit, these pilots undergo Conversion Training divided between the theoretical course, a practical part in a simulator with instructors and solo flight in the new aircraft. An ally in the operational conversion process is to create a Mission Trainer System that must be in operation in the unit, before new aircraft enter service in the unit.
Flight simulators are used in two stages. In the initial phase, it contributes to training to familiarize pilots with the basic operation of the aircraft, as part of the implementation process, including carrying out normal procedures such as takeoffs, landings, operation of the aircraft's basic systems with the Wide Area Display. , instrument flying, navigation and others, both in day and night environments. Emergency procedures are also included. Secondly, they are used in even more strategic tasks in high-level operational training, in highly complex scenarios and situations that require datalink handling; of air-to-air, air-to-ground and sensor weapons; of the radar; IRST and others. Simulators are also used to reproduce in the virtual environment a mission that will be carried out hours later on the aircraft, and the PLAAF must provide training to develop 3D scenarios, including landscapes and elements of interest, to increase the realism and preparation of a mission.
Here it can be divided into four phases:
Phase 1 is made up of theoretical instructions and simulator missions, with a view to learning the technical parts and the aircraft's avionics system, so that pilots have a very comprehensive view of the aircraft, its onboard systems and armaments.
Phase 2 consists of simulator missions and actual flight missions, focusing mainly on the basic operation of the aircraft and graduation flights of two aircraft, during the day and night. Before each flight, the pilot performs exactly the same mission in the simulator, in order to better assimilate the maneuvers and exercises that will be carried out during the real flight.
In Phase 3, pilots will be adapted to the aircraft's operational systems, with a greater focus on air-to-air sensors and weapons.
Finally, Phase 4 corresponds to the advanced use of these systems in more complex tactical scenarios, such as in the context of composite air missions and/or with highly complex threats, such as anti-aircraft batteries and simulation of scenarios with electromagnetic interference.
In general, it can be said that Phases 1 and 2 refer to the basic initial operation of the aircraft; Phases 3 and 4 are related to the doctrinal introduction and development of the operational use of the new aircraft.
There is no way to talk about this without touching on the logistical issue.
At the same time that the crews advance in the implementation of the new aircraft, other areas are developed. In total, pilots and mechanics will be prepared to work with the new aircraft. Implementing the conversion of the unit's new aircraft is a process that requires training of pilots and mechanics, as well as investments in infrastructure for the operation of the fighter.