SCO is a good place for business for China as it promotes its product to global south markets.
Especially in strategic areas like space, AI and energy.
Either Vietnam not inviting China or China must be put ahead of any foreign participant because China's manpower contribution to Vietnam's independence war efforts was far higher than anybody else and material contribution was probably as much as USSR. China can stay out of it but I don't think China accept being downplayed against the truth.A small symbolic detail: China marching ahead of Russia in the Vietnamese National Day parade.
Malaysia has revealed that China is prepared to offer assistance in developing rare earth processing technology, contingent upon partnerships involving Malaysian state-owned companies. Reuters reported that Johari Abdul Ghani, Malaysia's Minister of Natural Resources and Environment Sustainability, said Chinese President Xi Jinping conveyed this willingness during his visit to Malaysia in April 2024.
Johari explained that Xi emphasized technology protection concerns, requesting that cooperation be limited to government-related entities in Malaysia. The discussions remain at an early stage, and no formal agreements have yet been finalized between the two countries.
It’s no secret that China and Russia have driven the SCO’s expansion — each for their own reasons — and with its expansion the organization’s focus has become diluted. The additions of India and Pakistan (2017), Iran (2023), and Belarus (2024), have grown the SCO’s heft, but not necessarily its effectiveness.
Despite the fact that the statement also reiterates “that Central Asia is the core area of the SCO” and that it has “supported the efforts of Central Asian countries to maintain peace, security and stability in their own countries and the region,” there is little about Central Asia specifically in the content and context of the contemporary SCO.
All five Central Asian presidents are in Beijing. All five scored bilateral meetings with Xi Jinping and other top Chinese leaders; most had bilateral meetings with Russian President Vladimir Putin, too, as well as other world leaders in attendance. All of the Central Asian presidents have had busy schedules this week. For example, Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev met with the leaders of , , , and others; Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev had his own meeting with .
To a certain extent, for the Central Asian states, the SCO has become a venue for deepening relations with China and managing relations with Russia. It also links Central Asia to a wider community of states beyond the China-Russia duo, and provides a forum for Central Asian states to voice their perspectives sans judgement regarding their autocratic tendencies.