Renminbi (RMB)/Yuan Appreciation & Internationalization

pbd456

Junior Member
Registered Member
Apparently the IMF and World Bank came in with an assist on the Kenyan loan conversions from USD to RMB.



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What are the risk that CNY appreciate over time when other countries are converting USD debt into RMB debt? China has promised these countries that RMB will not have substantial appreciation?
 

Wrought

Captain
Registered Member
Cross-border transactions were up 14% in H12025, to 35 trillion RMB. Favorable interest rates have boosted adoption esp. in BRI countries.

In the first six months of the year, the use of the yuan in cross-border payments totalled 35 trillion yuan (US$4.9 trillion), up 14 per cent from a year earlier, according to the People's Bank of China.

Yang said the willingness of the company's non-Chinese clients to settle in yuan was highest among countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, such as Pakistan, Thailand and Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. "Renminbi internationalisation is advancing quickly," he said. "As more Chinese firms go global, the use of renminbi will naturally rise. The renminbi offers notably competitive interest rates right now, which is a major factor in reducing our financing costs."

China held its one-year loan prime rate, the benchmark for lending to companies, at 3 per cent and five-year rates at 3.5 per cent for the fifth consecutive month in October, while US dollar borrowing costs hover around 4 per cent.

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jli88

Junior Member
Registered Member
RMB seriously needs to appreciate by 5% a year for the next 5 years.

Good FT Piece:
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My thoughts:
  • Trade frictions are inevitable at the level of trade surplus China is currently running. This year it's going to be 1.2 trillion in Goods alone. Almost every week, some country is imposing tariffs on Chinese imports, including friendly or neutral countries like Brazil, Indonesia, etc.​
  • RMB strength will lead to boost in consumer confidence because the value of Chinese savings in real terms would increase a lot, will also lead to further boost in disposable incomes. It is a way to drive wage growth when nominal wage growth in yuan terms is flatlining.​
  • Will lead to retention of science talent that China still continues to lose because of lower wages to US/Europe etc.​
  • Will create the creative destruction that is required in an economy. China already has a labor shortage in lower end segments. Unless the sector is critical like shipbuilding laborers, you don't need to manufacture at the lower end stuff like apparel, lower end toys, or low end plastic crap. There is far more than enough space left to be occupied for growth in aerospace, semiconductors, AI, medicine, medical equipment, you name it.​
  • All your USD/Euro assets will be frozen literally the moment a major crisis (say over Taiwan erupts). So why still continue to buy USD assets at such a large scale.​
  • RMB internationalization would increase, everyone wants to hold an appreciating asset.​
 

Wrought

Captain
Registered Member
Offshore yuan-denominated bonds hit a new record in 2025. Lower interest rates and more diverse customers are both worth noting.

Sales of the so-called dim sum notes have totaled about 870 billion yuan ($123 billion) so far this year, already surpassing 2024’s unprecedented full-year tally and marking an eighth consecutive year of expansion, Bloomberg-compiled data show. The issuance boom is the latest evidence of the yuan’s growing popularity in global finance, as China’s lower interest rates
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more borrowers and its strengthening currency accelerated investors’ shift away from dollar assets. Reinforcing the trend is a surge of long-dated dim sum bond issuance, a strong vote of confidence in the yuan’s outlook.

Issuance of long-maturity notes has been a standout theme in 2025. A total of 152 dim sum notes due in at least a decade have been sold this year, the most ever and double last year’s number, according to Bloomberg-compiled data. Singapore’s state investor
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, global insurer Chubb Ltd. and Chinese tech giant Tencent Holdings Ltd. issued 30-year debt, still a rarity in this market.

There’s also strong demand arising from Chinese firms’ needs to better manage the structure of their debt, Deutsche Bank AG economists Yi Xiong and Deyun Du wrote in a note. “Given the still-elevated USD interest rates, many Chinese corporates may want to swap some of these into RMB debt, which not only helps lower financing costs but also reduces their FX risks.”

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tygyg1111

Major
Registered Member
RMB seriously needs to appreciate by 5% a year for the next 5 years.

Good FT Piece:
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My thoughts:
  • Trade frictions are inevitable at the level of trade surplus China is currently running. This year it's going to be 1.2 trillion in Goods alone. Almost every week, some country is imposing tariffs on Chinese imports, including friendly or neutral countries like Brazil, Indonesia, etc.​
  • RMB strength will lead to boost in consumer confidence because the value of Chinese savings in real terms would increase a lot, will also lead to further boost in disposable incomes. It is a way to drive wage growth when nominal wage growth in yuan terms is flatlining.​
  • Will lead to retention of science talent that China still continues to lose because of lower wages to US/Europe etc.​
  • Will create the creative destruction that is required in an economy. China already has a labor shortage in lower end segments. Unless the sector is critical like shipbuilding laborers, you don't need to manufacture at the lower end stuff like apparel, lower end toys, or low end plastic crap. There is far more than enough space left to be occupied for growth in aerospace, semiconductors, AI, medicine, medical equipment, you name it.​
  • All your USD/Euro assets will be frozen literally the moment a major crisis (say over Taiwan erupts). So why still continue to buy USD assets at such a large scale.​
  • RMB internationalization would increase, everyone wants to hold an appreciating asset.​
While allowing RMB to appreciate sends a clear signal re: trade frictions and value retention of RMB holdings, the key driver for wage growth and therefore domestic spending is export margin increase, which benefits from a weak RMB. So the expectation is that appreciation will be limited, and if it rises too much and begins to impact margins it will be reigned in again.
In the domestic market, implementing policy to prevent destructive pricing (e.g. EV price war) will be of the most benefit to boosting the domestic economy; as expectations of lower future prices leads to wait and see behaviour rather than increased sales.
 
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