PLA missile defense system

tphuang

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interesting piece
supposedly interview with a military expert in China, but they don't necessarily know that much. Talks about 640 ABM project that started in the 60s.
军事专家李大光:中国反导技术步入新阶段
“640工程”开启中国反导事业

中国成功进行反导拦截试验的消息引起了国际关注。众所周知,作为尖端军事科技,反导作战没有几十年的理论和技术储备是不可能完成的。其实,中国导弹防御系统的建设始于上世纪60年代初的“640工程”。

1964年2月,毛主席与时任国防部五院副院长的钱学森专门谈到反导问题:“5年不行,10年;10年不行,15年。总要搞出来。”这一指示随即被贯彻实施,后续相关研究项目代号被定为“640工程”。

1967年10月,国防科委召开了“640工程”会议,正式提出了开展反导弹用核弹头研制工作的建议。接下来的十几年里,分别进行了“反击一号”到“反击三号”的全系统研制。尽管最后无果而终,但取得了一批重要技术积累,其中有些填补了国内空白,比如超高速导弹及7010相控雷达技术等。接下来的“863 计划”属于技术储备与可行性探索,研究了导弹防御的全天候监视、探测、预警、分析,以及拦截武器、C3I系统技术等。
says this test is more difficult than ASAT (i'd agree with that). The missile uses INS + middle course command + terminally active guidance method. It has large kill area, has strong resistance to ECM, can counter multiple targets and has advanced guidance system. Says that land based mid course interception is very advanced interception technology. Says that the test is harder than 2007 ASAT because that one has a fixed path, so can calculate the positioning to the meters in accuracy in advance. This test requires long range early warning, tracking, measuring, fire control and also the solid booster has higher requirements. Due to the fact that china does not have early warning satellites for this, the tracking will be done by land based long range radar. Can't do the detection/tracking of the target missile for the duration of the flight. Therefore still has a way to go to catch American system.
反导试验难于反卫星

目前正在构建的导弹防御系统,是以新型导弹为核心的具有中国特色的反导体系。这种用于构建反导系统的装备,采用了“惯导+中段指令+末端主动雷达制导”的制导模式,其特点是杀伤空域大、抗干扰和抗多目标饱和攻击能力强,导引系统先进,足以适应现代战争的需要。

从技术层面来说,中国构建以新型导弹为核心防御手段的中国特色反导防御体系,不仅提升保卫本土能力,还能对世界导弹拦截技术产生制衡效应。现在,世界上有能力制造导弹的国家有30多个,拥有导弹的国家超过100个,但是能够搞反导武器和技术的国家只有美国、俄罗斯等寥寥几个。

所谓的“陆基中段拦截”,通俗地说就是在地面上发射对大气层外的目标进行拦截,并将其摧毁,这在国际上属先进的导弹拦截技术。中国宣布这次反导试验达到预期目的,标志着包括信息处理、侦查预警、拦截武器、制导精度和反应速度在内的反导技术达到一个新阶段。

另外,这次反导试验的难度要大于三年前的反卫星试验。卫星轨道是固定的,可以事先精确测量好(误差达到米级),然后选择合适的发射窗口发射拦截弹,按预定弹道飞行,主要考验的是动能拦截弹(kkv)的性能。而反导试验还涉及到地面相控阵雷达对来袭弹头的远距离预警、跟踪、测量、火控,对固体助推器的快速反应能力要求更高。

整体水平距形成战力尚远

然而,由于中国缺少导弹预警卫星,在这次反导拦截试验中只是在陆基远程雷达引导下的拦截试验,无法展开全程的探测、跟踪、拦截试验,因此与美国反导系统相比,还有相当大的差距。可以说,尽管中国反导技术进入新阶段,但是整体水平距离形成作战能力和力量还有很远的路。

“试验是防御性的,不针对任何国家”。 正如外交部发言人12日所说的那样,中国的反导系统只部署在境内,承担国土防御任务,这与中国的“积极防御”军事战略方针的内在要求是完全一致的。

导弹防御系统是一种战略“盾牌”,这种“盾牌”与各种导弹结合起来,就形成一个攻防兼备的完整武器系统。正因此,这次反导试验是一个对中国武器装备发展具有里程碑意义的大事件。

解读

什么是反导系统?

所谓反导系统,是指用以拦截在飞行轨道上的战略性弹道导弹或其组成部分的系统。

弹道导弹的飞行过程分为三个阶段:上升段、中段、末段。

上升段:导弹上升阶段时拦截效果最好,因为此时弹道导弹刚起飞不久,被击落后也是掉在敌方领土。但最突出的难点是需要在弹道导弹点火后第一时间就发现并进行攻击。

中段:目前比较成熟的反导系统,是指导弹发动机关闭后在大气层外以惯性飞行的阶段,这时它的弹道相对平稳和固定。如果拦截及时,掉落的残骸也不会进入本国领土。

末段:末段拦截时,由于弹道导弹进入大气层开始俯冲阶段,弹头轨迹倾角大、速度通常在7—8倍音速以上,反导系统要捕捉它相当困难。

美国和前苏联早在上世纪五六十年代就开始研制反导系统,目前美国在中段反导和末段反导方面走在前面。

最近美国宣布向台湾提供的“爱国者-3”反导系统则属于末段反导系统,它主要负责拦截1.5万-2万米高度的来袭导弹。

在反导系统方面,俄罗斯走的是一条和美国完全不同的路,现在在莫斯科部署有多套A-135战略反导系统,这种反导系统主要是通过在太空中引爆核弹头产生的冲击波摧毁来袭导弹。
 

Harley-One

Banned Idiot
I agree with Finn, I wouldn't put too much faith into missile defense.

In my opinion, what significant about the test is the message that China sent. There are some who are delusional about missile defense and believe it will allow them to blackmail China through nuclear weapons without fear of retaliatory strikes. China is now telling these people the following: you have 100% faith in your missile defense? We have an identical system in store for you.

Those who dangerously thought they could somehow win a nuclear exchange must now wake up and smell the roses.


Sorry Guys, the intended audience here is the Hanzi reader and Hanzi reader only due to the sensitive, politically affiliated nature of its contents.

I feel what's suggested in what I am about to upload qualifies as a valuable and informative piece of information for those of us [who are Chinese] to be kept updated and and try and digest, and yes, Roger's three tier concept is just about right and the message China is sending might not totally be to America but also to a third party. Here's the source:

(图文)解放军专家:反导导弹并非红旗9 主要应对印度
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And Oh, don't bother with babble or other translates, Guys. I tried to double check as a precautionary measure and the results: the whole contents got thrown totally out of whack so it's futile.

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rhino123

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VIP Professional
(图文)解放军专家:反导导弹并非红旗9 主要应对印度
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Sorry, I do not know how the title came about. It is so misleading. The author was basically arguing the following points:

1) China is a sovereign nation. She had no obligation to inform US on her ballistic missile program.

2) Although UN had this directive that any object being fired into outspace needed to first be registered with them. However ballistic missile due to its sensitivity (my own understanding) have no need for registration and up till now, no country had done registration for their ballistic missile test.

3) author had noted that US had tested much more ballistic missiles and anti-ballistic missiles, but didn't notify China at all, so why should China notify US.

4) Anti-ballistic missile program is a must, because China's current neighbours many had ballistic missiles that could hit China mainland... and he give an example (it is just an example), India had a missile that have 5000km range and could hit most of China. Then the author go on to explain the US is expanding their anti-ballistic missile capability across asia pacific. And thus China should also had her own anti-missile capability.

So from that passage, it really had nothing to do with againsting of any sovereign nation, but to ensure that China is sufficiently protected against threats from opposing or hostile nations with ballistic missiles capability.
 

Harley-One

Banned Idiot
What Does China Talk About It?

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Sorry, Popeye, but that video's pack full of nutin' but [ pure politics ]. So, isn't it a little on the double of you to put it the way you did to me? Golly, even the language used wasn't of the same buddy'ish tone was it :eek:?
... Keep posting those great videos! You are getting a lot of views on that thread! Great job!
I mean if you would've spoke in the same manner to everyone as in the above, everything would've been hunky dory for everyone, wouldn't it?

Moderation is to walk tall, speak softly, and carry with you that big stick, but the speak softly part definitely was missing from it :roll::roll: roflol :roll::roll:

Sampan:

Sorry guy, I did not know you are also one of the Sheriffs in town. If I did, I definitely wouldn't have made things tough for you as I probably did, therefore excuses this ass please.

Edi



 
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Harley-One

Banned Idiot
Sorry, I do not know how the title came about. It is so misleading. The author was basically arguing the following points:

(图文) 解放军专家: 反导导弹 并非 红旗9主要应对印度


[ 图 (chart) 文 (article) ]
解放军专家: (People's Liberation Army expert:)
反导导弹 (The antimissile missile)
并非 (By no means)
红旗9 (Red Flag 9)
主要应对印度 (Principle target of message - 印度)

Translator:
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In other words: What this author was saying, essentially, is what Roger604 had been telling everyone here -- that the targeted audience is not Taiwan. It was but a simple and straight forward article. No mystery no headaches whatsoever attached.

Anyway, as words have it out in the street, KT-1 was the actual carrier/delivery system used hence quite a sophisticated operation I bet. Definitely no HQ-9 or HQ-19 or any of its Russian variants involved. Also boasts to be superior to PAC-III as ranges of Chinese test is in the hundreds of kilometers as compared to US/Russian counterparts where the range is in but the tens of kilometers.
 

rhino123

Pencil Pusher
VIP Professional
(图文) 解放军专家: 反导导弹 并非 红旗9主要应对印度


[ 图 (chart) 文 (article) ]
解放军专家: (People's Liberation Army expert:)
反导导弹 (The antimissile missile)
并非 (By no means)
红旗9 (Red Flag 9)
主要应对印度 (Principle target of message - 印度)

Translator:
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!


In other words: What this author was saying, essentially, is what Roger604 had been telling everyone here -- that the targeted audience is not Taiwan. It was but a simple and straight forward article. No mystery no headaches whatsoever attached.

I think I understand mandrain pretty well, no need for sarcastism. I am just feeling a bit strange that the article's title was saying that the antimissile system was against India. Which I don't think was what the author intented... my arguement is in my previous post so I will not repeat myself.
 

Harley-One

Banned Idiot
:china:

I think I understand mandrain pretty well, no need for sarcastism.
Sarcasm? What sarcasm? And Mandarin? What Mandarin? I mean I sure as the heck wasn't able to tell if the article was in Mandarin, in Guangdongese, Haka, Teochow or in Fujianese :D:D:D ...


I am just feeling a bit strange that the article's title was saying that the antimissile system was against India.
You must be mistaken. I mean was that what it says :D? Hell if I know. I'm purely a Cannuck by trait, have the passport and the naturalization documents to prove it, therefore beats me what the Chinese are saying.


Which I don't think was what the author intented...
You are not the author and neither am I. So how do we know what the author indeed have in his or her mind?


... I will not repeat myself.
Jeez, How should I respond to that? I'm screwed I guess...

:china:
 
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rhino123

Pencil Pusher
VIP Professional
:china:


Sarcasm? What sarcasm? And Mandarin? What Mandarin? I mean I sure as the heck wasn't able to tell if the article was in Mandarin, in Guangdongese, Haka, Teochow or in Fujianese :D:D:D ...



You must be mistaken. I mean was that what it says :D? Hell if I know. I'm purely a Cannuck by trait, have the passport and the naturalization documents to prove it, therefore beats me what the Chinese are saying.



You are not the author and neither am I. So how do we know what the author indeed have in his or her mind?



Jeez, How should I respond to that? I'm screwed I guess...

:china:

Sorry, in my previous post, I must have felt that you are being quite sarcastic toward me by bringing in the chinese dictionary and stuff. No punk intented :)

However, we do know the intention of the author by reading his passage, and if he meant other way... well... he failed to express it... at least to an audience like myself.

Now let us go into his passage again, and let see if we can make up any thing from it,

First of all: the title (which I find misleading),

(图文)解放军专家:反导导弹并非红旗9 主要应对印度

The first two characters means pictures (which it does show in the article), then they said, PLA expert, the column that follow must have meant what the expert said, Anti-Ballistic Missile missile is not HQ (hongqi)-9, then came a space, which means literally, the expert paused, and continue, mainly against India.

Now the last part of his or her comment is what I am confused, it said the missile is mainly against India:confused: But no where in the passage ever said that except the almost the last paragraph even then it only mentioned India as an example, now for further detail, lets go into the article.

First Paragraph:

中国军方刚刚完成的这次反导试验,五角大楼说事先没有得到中方通知,正向中国军方索取有关数据。国内军事论坛上则热衷于猜测此次反导用的是“红旗-9”导弹。还有国外军情分析人士称,此举标志着中国的反导立场有了根本转变。笔者在此结合本人所了解的军事知识作出一些解答,纯属个人见解,不代表军方立场。

(China military had just finished testing of an anti-ballistic missile test. The pentagon (US) accused China of not notifying them on this test and was requesting data for the test.

Internally, China's military forum had been guessing that the missile is HQ-9 and foreign military analysis had comment on China's changes in their ballistic missile stance. Underneath is the author's own understanding and explanation of all these that happen and should not be taken into the official military stance.)

Next few paragraphs:

在新华社公布进行反导试验后,五角大楼发言人马林·斯库曼少校说:“我们没有接到此次发射的提前通报,我们正要求中国提供此次拦截试验的目的和意图。”但问题是,美国人有没有想一想,中国有义务向美方通报吗?

退一步说,根据联合国《关于登记射入外层空间物体的公约》规定,在一国发射外空物体进入外层空间时,应设立登记册记录所发射物体的名称、功能及轨道参数等。同时,发射国应将“设置此种登记册”的事情通知联合国秘书长。

在具体实践来看,有些国家在发射卫星等航天器时,会把相关内容告知联合国秘书长;但就导弹发射来看,还没有事先通知联合国的先例。另外,如果两个或两个以上国家间有协议,其中一方在发射射程超过多少公里的导弹时,有义务通知参与协议的其他国。

不过,就目前的公开信息来看,中美之间并没有此类协议,因此,中方没有义务向美方“先通知后汇报”。反过来看,五角大楼也应该扪心自问,他们进行了这么多次导弹或反导试验,有哪一次提前通知中国了呢?

(These few paragraph mainly stated the following points that I have mentioned before in my previous posting,

1) China is a sovereign nation. She had no obligation to inform US on her ballistic missile program.

2) Although UN had this directive that any object being fired into outspace needed to first be registered with them. However ballistic missile due to its sensitivity (my own understanding) have no need for registration and up till now, no country had done registration for their ballistic missile test.

3) author had noted that US had tested much more ballistic missiles and anti-ballistic missiles, but didn't notify China at all, so why should China notify US.)

Next Paragraph:

在新华社发布反导试验成功的快讯后,有媒体转载时配上了国产“红旗-9”防空导弹的资料图片,加之此前英国《今日中国防务》网站及《汉和防务评论》杂志都曾认为,中国构建反导系统的基石就是“红旗-9”。因此,许多人都认为此次发射的导弹就是“红旗-9”。

但据公开资料,“红旗-9”最大射程为300公里,最大射高15公里,从参数上看,“红旗-9”是一款类似美国“爱国者-2”的大气层内反导装备。而这次军方试验的是中段反导拦截试验,弹道导弹飞行过程分为3个阶段:发射点火后的上升过程(初段)、外层空间飞行过程(中段)、再入大气层攻击目标(末段)。

虽然国际上对外层空间的起始高度还没有统一标准,但即便按照较低的“卡曼线”(距地面118公里)一说,“红旗-9”导弹也难以达到这个高度。新华社快讯中没透露所用的武器型号,但根据公开数据,似能排除是普通型号“红旗-9”参试的误解。

(In these few paragraphs, the author was stating his reason why the missile was not HQ-9, I am too lazy to translate the whole thing, though:D)

The next paragraphs,

至于《华盛顿时报》援引美国智库国际战略评估中心副主任理查德·费舍尔的话说,中国此前一直坚决反对研发和部署反导系统,此次测试意味着中国的立场有了根本转变。

问题是,目前的国际形势与十几年前相比,有了相当大变化。在冷战结束之初,只有美俄等少数几个国家拥有弹道导弹,目前已有30多个国家拥有弹道导弹设计和生产能力,中国某些邻国拥有弹道导弹的射程和威力,足以严重威胁我们的国家安全。

The bolded wording means that some of China's neighbours, never said who - might be Pakistan, North Korea, Japan, Russia and India)

比如印度的“烈火-3”射程超过5000公里,能覆盖包括北京在内的大部分国土。

For Example india's missile (don't know what -3) had a range of 5000km, could hit Beijing and many parts of China mainland. Even this was just an example.

与此同时,反导技术也在扩散,美国在东亚开始形成北起韩国南至台湾地区的反导包围圈。在这种形势下,中国有权利更有必要发展自己的反导技术,这是为了更好地捍卫国土安全,与中国积极的国防政策是一致的。

Well this paragraph is important, it basically said that US is actually expanding in Asia Pacific... from Korea to Taiwan (North and South) anti-ballistic missile umbrella. Under this circumstances, China had the right and needs to develope their anti-missile umbrella too. This is to better protect the nation's safety and soverignity.

Well... if there is a hidden meaning, I think China's least worry is India. She is more worried against two main threats,

1) More nations (especially those around her) had ballistic missile that could hit her.

2) US is developing a very comprehensive anti-missile umbrella around China and so making China's nuclear deterrence less feasible, because their missiles would be knock off sky even before leaving Asia Pacific.

So China needed their own umbrella to tell the world that she is also not as easily hit by missiles too.

Well, that is the gist of the article... and no where in the article did it imply that the missile umbrella was mainly against India. It just happen that the umbrella did ensure that India would have a harder time hitting China.
 
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