News on China's scientific and technological development.

Martian

Martian

Senior Member
Re: China's Advanced Sciences

Quickie said:
Some great finds you've got there, Martian!
Click to expand...

The credit belongs to "snow is red" for finding the stories. I have edited my original post to assign the proper credit. Sorry for the misunderstanding.
 
Martian

Martian

Senior Member
Researchers successfully breed larger fluorescent fish

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The fluorescent angelfish, developed in Taiwan using gene-transfer technology, is the result of cooperation between the Council of Agriculture and Academia Sinica. (CNA)

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"Researchers successfully breed larger fluorescent fish

* Publication Date：06/28/2010
* Source： Liberty Times

A new generation of larger sized fluorescent fish developed in cooperation between the Council of Agriculture and Academia Sinica could light up aquariums around Taiwan and abroad within the next two years.

The COA and Taiwan’s top research institute have helped the island lead the global pack once again in gene transfer technology for fluorescent fish breeding. A private Taiwan biotechnology company developed small-sized fluorescent fish in 2001 and later mass-produced them for the market.

Field tests and the process of certification are expected to be completed some time next year, with commercial production of the larger fluorescent fish, including angelfish and cichlids, likely to begin as early as 2012.

So far, the research team has achieved success in breeding fluorescent angelfish that have survived for up to five generations.

COA Minister Chen Wu-hsiung stressed that announcement of the research team’s breakthrough symbolizes that Taiwan continues to maintain its preeminent position in the world in terms of the application of gene transfer technology to fluorescent fish breeding.

James Sha, director-general of the Fisheries Agency under the COA, said field tests must be carried out to make sure the fluorescent fish cannot reproduce in the wild or they may upset the natural ecosystem’s balance.

He added that certification will only be issued for the fluorescent fish to be sold on the market after the field tests prove the fish pose no threat to the natural environment. (SB)"
 
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Martian

Martian

Senior Member
China-made submersible has 1,000 meter diving capability

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China's 7,000 meter best-in-the-world diving submersible

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Ocean floor

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"China-made submersible has 1,000 m diving capability
15:23, March 11, 2010

Sun Zhihui, CPPCC member and director of State Oceanic Administration, said March 10 in an interview that the home-developed manned submersible, the first of its kind worldwide has been successfully tested in the South China Sea 20 times at depths of 1,109 meters in 2009. The vehicle's maximum operational capability at that depth is 7,000 meters.

As a result, China becomes the world's fifth country after the U.S., Russia, Japan and France to possess the technology of developing a manned submersible with over a 1,000 meter diving capability.

The manned submersible, capable of reaching depths for a distance of 7,000 meters, is the best of its kind in the world. It is capable of exploring 99 percent of the world's ocean floor.

By People's Daily Online"

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"China builds new manned submersible
Posted on: February 29, 2008 5:07 AM, by Peter Etnoyer

chinese7000msubmersible.jpg


China has a knack for naming their exploration vehicles. They gave the world the Shenzhou (or "divine vessels") to reach outer space and the Taikonauts to fly them. Now China is planning an ocean exploration program 'equally important' to their space endeavours, including plans to build a sub-sea base station and a manned submersible capable of diving to 7000m by year 2010. So, how do you say "sea dragon" in Mandarin?

You can never have too many deep diving manned submersibles. Less than a dozen vessels I know of are capable of working beyond 1000m depth. Between the Chinese submersible, the Alvin, it's replacement, the Russian MIRs, the French Nautile, and the Japanese Shinkai we'll have maybe 6 manned submersibles capable of diving deep enough to explore ~90% of Earth's seafloor as we enter the next decade. We need more.

The photo above shows the new submersible on display at the ninth China Hi-Tech Fair in October, 2007. Image from People's Daily Online."
 
Martian

Martian

Senior Member
China Advanced Research Reactor completed

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"A new Chinese-designed and built research reactor has reached first criticality at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE)'s Fangshan, Beijing site. (Chinese research reactor starts up. 18 May 2010. Image: CIAE)"

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"China Advanced Research Reactor completed
14:24, May 18, 2010

The China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR), independently developed by the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), recently achieved criticality for the first time, indicating the successful completion of the CARR project.

CARR, developed to meet the needs of technological development in the 21st century, is a high-performance, multi-purpose, safe and reliable nuclear reactor with ancillary experimental terminals. The reactor, situated inside CIAE in Fangshan district, Beijing, covers an area of about 2.3 hectares and has a power of 60 megawatts.

CARR owns the most advanced technology among all neutron beam research reactors of the same type in Asia and is one of the most advanced nuclear reactors in the world. The completion of CARR marks that China has again achieved a major breakthrough in nuclear science and technology.

CARR will provide an important platform for China’s nuclear research and technology application. The reactor can be used for research in many fields such as nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, neutron scattering experiments, testing of reactor materials and atomic fuels, neutron activation analysis and the production of radioactive species and neutron-doped silicon.

By People's Daily Online"

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"China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR), Beijing.
A new high flux research reactor, the China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR), now is being built at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) to meet increasing demand of neutron scattering research in China.

CARR will be a 60 MW multiple purposes research reactor with unperturbed thermal neutron flux of 8x10exp14 n/sec.cm**2. A liquid hydrogen cold source at 20 K will be installed and two guide tubes will be put into the cold beam vault for transportation cold neutrons to the experimental hall. 5 of the spectrometers installed at current Heavy Water Research Reactor at CIAE will be upgraded and moved to CARR. 3 new spectrometers, a high resolution powder diffractomer, a residual stress neutron diffractometer and a horizontal scattering geometry polarized neutron reflectometer will be constructed and accommodated in the reactor hall and guide hall.

The object of CARR project is to establish a complete set of spectrometers used as the tool for neutron scattering in the fields of life science, material science, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, mineral, environment science, industrial and engineering application with the aim to build the laboratory as a national neutron scattering key laboratory with an internationally advanced level, serving as a national neutron scattering research and training center as well as an international research center in Asia.


Neutron scattering leading group:
Group leader: President of CIAE - Prof. Zhao Zhixiang
Deputy group leader: Director of Department of Nuclear Physics Prof. Dr. Liu Weiping
Deputy group leader: Group leader of Neutron Scattering project Prof. Gou Cheng

Neutron scattering engineer group:
Group leader: Prof. Gou Cheng
Head of neutron scattering Project / deputy group leader: Prof. Dr. Chen Dongfeng
Deputy Head of neutron scattering Project / technical group leader: Dr. Liu Yuntao"

[Note: China's Advanced Research Reactor (i.e. CARR) is not to be confused with China Experimental Fast Reactor (i.e. CEFR). CARR is a neutron scattering tool. CEFR is a fast-breeder reactor to produce electricity by consuming and self-generating more nuclear fuel to enable nearly 70% efficiency in extracting energy from the uranium fuel. They serve two completely different purposes.

My father explained the difficulty level is nuclear engineer --> nuclear physicist --> theoretical physicist. He has a Ph.D. in nuclear engineering and he was describing the super-smart nuclear and theoretical physicists to me.]
 
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Martian

Martian

Senior Member
Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Opens to Science Researchers

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Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility is a third-generation synchrotron radiation light source. Until now, SSRF is the largest scientific platform for science research and technology development in China. (Photo: SSRF)

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The photo taken on March 16, 2009 shows the interior of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). The 1.2 billion yuan (or $175 million U.S. dollars) synchrotron radiation project in Shanghai will be fully operational in late April. SSRF is a great tool for the Chinese science research community and industry. (Xinhua/Pei Xin)

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Researchers perform experiments at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) in China on March 16, 2009. (Xinhua/Pei Xin)

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"Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Opens to Scientific Researchers
2010-01-29

Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), a third-generation of synchrotron radiation light source passes national inspection on January 19 and will be open to home and abroad scientific research, according to Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (SINAP).

SSRF is the biggest scientific platform for science research in China up to now. The construction of the project started on Dec 25th, 2004 in Shanghai, and cost 1,200 million yuan (about 176 million U.S. dollars).

The facility consists of three accelerators: a 150Mev electron LINAC, a 180-meter booster that can increase the electron energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV in 0.5 second, and a 3.5GeV electron storage ring with a perimeter of 432 meters. The project also includes 7 initial beamlines and experimental stations.

The mega experimental platform will then help carry out research on life sciences, medicine and pharmacy, new material, physics, chemistry, petrochemical industry and biotechnology.

[Many] hundreds of scientists and engineers from universities, institutes and industries in domestic and even overseas will be able to use the facility to [perform] research and experiments.

ZHANG Xiaoqiang, Vice Chairman of China’s National Development and Reform Commission, CAO Jianlin, Vice Minister of China’s Ministry of Science and Technology, JIANG Mianheng and ZHAN Wenlong, Vice Presidents of the CAS and experts from related areas attended the inspection and acceptance conference held in Shanghai."

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"[It] will provide x-ray, infrared and ultraviolet beams of exceptional brightness. These will be used by scientists and engineers for research and development in many fields including biomedical science, medical research, environmental sciences and physical sciences.
...
What is a Synchrotron Light Source?

A synchrotron light source is a very large machine designed to produce intense beams of light. Millions of times brighter than an X-ray, synchrotron light is generated by using powerful magnets to accelerate electrons that are traveling near the speed of light. Infrared, ultraviolet and X-ray light is shone down beamlines to end stations (small laboratories) where scientists can select different parts of the spectrum to view the microscopic nature of matter, and investigate it at the scale of atoms and molecules. Synchrotron light is an indispensable tool in many research areas including physics, chemistry, materials science and crystallography, and is increasingly being used in medicine, geological and environmental studies, structural genomics and archaeology. Many everyday commodities, from chocolate to cosmetics, drugs, surgical tools, computers and mobile phones, have been developed or improved using synchrotron light."
 
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vesicles

vesicles

Colonel
Re: China Advanced Research Reactor completed

Martian said:
[qimg]http://img405.imageshack.us/img405/4343/carrpoolhall41.jpg[/qimg]
"A new Chinese-designed and built research reactor has reached first criticality at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE)'s Fangshan, Beijing site. (Chinese research reactor starts up. 18 May 2010. Image: CIAE)"

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"China Advanced Research Reactor completed
14:24, May 18, 2010

The China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR), independently developed by the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), recently achieved criticality for the first time, indicating the successful completion of the CARR project.

CARR, developed to meet the needs of technological development in the 21st century, is a high-performance, multi-purpose, safe and reliable nuclear reactor with ancillary experimental terminals. The reactor, situated inside CIAE in Fangshan district, Beijing, covers an area of about 2.3 hectares and has a power of 60 megawatts.

CARR owns the most advanced technology among all neutron beam research reactors of the same type in Asia and is one of the most advanced nuclear reactors in the world. The completion of CARR marks that China has again achieved a major breakthrough in nuclear science and technology.

CARR will provide an important platform for China’s nuclear research and technology application. The reactor can be used for research in many fields such as nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, neutron scattering experiments, testing of reactor materials and atomic fuels, neutron activation analysis and the production of radioactive species and neutron-doped silicon.

By People's Daily Online"

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"China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR), Beijing.
A new high flux research reactor, the China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR), now is being built at China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) to meet increasing demand of neutron scattering research in China.

CARR will be a 60 MW multiple purposes research reactor with unperturbed thermal neutron flux of 8x10exp14 n/sec.cm**2. A liquid hydrogen cold source at 20 K will be installed and two guide tubes will be put into the cold beam vault for transportation cold neutrons to the experimental hall. 5 of the spectrometers installed at current Heavy Water Research Reactor at CIAE will be upgraded and moved to CARR. 3 new spectrometers, a high resolution powder diffractomer, a residual stress neutron diffractometer and a horizontal scattering geometry polarized neutron reflectometer will be constructed and accommodated in the reactor hall and guide hall.

The object of CARR project is to establish a complete set of spectrometers used as the tool for neutron scattering in the fields of life science, material science, physics, chemistry and chemical engineering, mineral, environment science, industrial and engineering application with the aim to build the laboratory as a national neutron scattering key laboratory with an internationally advanced level, serving as a national neutron scattering research and training center as well as an international research center in Asia.


Neutron scattering leading group:
Group leader: President of CIAE - Prof. Zhao Zhixiang
Deputy group leader: Director of Department of Nuclear Physics Prof. Dr. Liu Weiping
Deputy group leader: Group leader of Neutron Scattering project Prof. Gou Cheng

Neutron scattering engineer group:
Group leader: Prof. Gou Cheng
Head of neutron scattering Project / deputy group leader: Prof. Dr. Chen Dongfeng
Deputy Head of neutron scattering Project / technical group leader: Dr. Liu Yuntao"

[Note: China's Advanced Research Reactor (i.e. CARR) is not to be confused with China Experimental Fast Reactor (i.e. CEFR). CARR is a neutron scattering tool. CEFR is a fast-breeder reactor to produce electricity by consuming and self-generating more nuclear fuel to enable nearly 70% efficiency in extracting energy from the uranium fuel. They serve two completely different purposes.

My father explained that the difficulty level is nuclear engineer --> nuclear physicist --> theoretical physicist. He has a Ph.D. in nuclear engineering and he was describing the super-smart nuclear and theoretical physicists to me.]
Click to expand...

WOW! WOW! WOW! My hometown!!! My parents worked at CIAE for 20+ years (my dad an inorganic chemist/theoretical physicist and my mom a nuclear chemist). We used to live about 2 miles from the facility... In the hay days of the institute, some of most famous and top physical scientists (physists and chemists) in China worked at the institute and the institute was treated like royalty. In the 60's, 70's and even 80's, all the supplies to the institute was the same supply for Zhongnanhai (the CCP leadership compound in Beijing) and foreign embassies. Even when I was in elementary school there, we still got tanks patrolling the facility at nights. The famous Lugo (spelling?) bridge sits in between downtown Beijing and our facility. In the early 80's, all traffic to and from the facility would have to stop at the bridge and be checked. In the 80's, not many security guards in China actually carried hot weapons although many of them had guns. Our facility was one of a few exceptions. All the good memories...
 
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solarz

solarz

Brigadier
Re: China Advanced Research Reactor completed

vesicles said:
Even when I was in elementary school there, we still got tanks patrolling the facility at nights.
Click to expand...

o.0 Tank patrols??

Why ever would they need tank patrols? Did they expect mechanized infantry assaults right outside Beijing??

I can't imagine tanks would be very useful in detecting infiltrators, the much more probable threat...
 
vesicles

vesicles

Colonel
Re: China Advanced Research Reactor completed

solarz said:
o.0 Tank patrols??

Why ever would they need tank patrols? Did they expect mechanized infantry assaults right outside Beijing??

I can't imagine tanks would be very useful in detecting infiltrators, the much more probable threat...
Click to expand...

Not a clue. I don't think they would explain the tank thing to a 10-year-old. One thing I can think of is that they were trying to scare off the farmers in the nearby area. One thing I do know is we always had a tense relationship with these farmers. So it might be more of protecting the residential area, instead of the actual facility. During the daytime, the tank was parked near the school and in front of the famed "#1 building", which was the residential complex for Soviet scholars in the 60's. We always played around and even sometimes on the tank after school. We were actually allowed in the tank one time when a soldier was washing the tank. I think I saw a vertical revolver thingy on the back of the tank (I mentioned this once on this forum).

And the streets were all messed up by the tank tracks. In '87 (I think), Deng Xiaoping planned to visit the facility. So they spent months to fix ALL the streets near and in the facility. I don't think Deng ever came, at least I didn't hear anything of an actual visit by Deng.

Oh Oh Oh, one more thing. In the late '80's at the CIAE, mom was head of a project investigating the effect of nuclear radiation on fruit growth and shelf life. At that time, the facility was moving away from military and exploring civilian uses. So one thing they looked heavily was to use nuclear power to select genetically superior natural products, such as cows that produce more milk, apples that are ten times larger than normal and can maintain freshness for years. I still remember my mom used to bring back home HUGE apples. I mean these "things" were as big as small watermelons. We were not allowed to eat them as my mom wasn't sure if these monsters were actually safe to eat. One thing I was sure was these apples could sit on the counter for months and still looked fresh. We actually cut open one and the apple looked completely like it was just picked off the tree a minute before. Althought my sister and I were not allowed to eat these monsters, my classmates whose parents were also on the project ate these super fruits. I once saw one of my best buddies eating an orange that was picked 2 years before (yes, that's 24 months before). The orange was as juicy as it was picked yesterday. It was pretty amazing even to today's standard. I still have no idea how they did it to this day even with my understanding molecular biology and genetics. And whenever I ask my mom about, she simply smiles and tells me "it's top secret".
 
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Martian

Martian

Senior Member
China reports lunar rover design complete

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BREAKTHROUGH: A lunar rover model designed by Chinese scientists debuts on April 23, 2008 in a Shanghai laboratory within a simulated environment of the Moon's surface. (LIU YING)

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"China reports lunar rover design complete
Wednesday, April 14, 2010

Zhang Jiawei
China Daily

China has completed creating a lunar rover, which will be sent to the moon by the Chang'e-3 lunar orbiter in 2013, the People's Daily Overseas Edition reported Tuesday.

The lunar rover is expected to carry out an exploration program in 2013 and return in 2017, the newspaper said.

Ye Peijian, chief designer of the nation's first lunar probe, Chang'e-1, said recently China has created more than 10 lunar rovers able to move, collect samples and analyze samples on the moon.

"Please remember, this lunar rover is created by China," Ye said repeatedly during a lecture in Chongqing."
 
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