Neusoft used to only do software for MRI and CT, I'm surprised they moved into hardware.
News on China's scientific and technological development.
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Same team but this time it is published as peer-reviewed. Peer-reviewed paper comes to the same conclusion that the superconductor in room temperature exists.
Dunno what method they used for peer-review but for actual replication of results it should happen in the following days
Dunno what method they used for peer-review but for actual replication of results it should happen in the following days
Olympiads and real science are two different worlds with pretty small intersection. I know a lot of people who were top-tier competitors in various scientific Olympiads (programming, physics, maths, biology) but are pretty average in actual work.
Main reason is that all those medalists receive rigorous training explicitly for Olympiads with similar tasks and are given optimal problem-solving routines, etc., while in actual research there are hardly any guidelines apart from the previous papers on the topic.
The testament of country's scientific prowess is the quality and quantity of research output, other metrics are just fun exercises. Proxy metric for upcoming talent is the strength of educational institutions.
well, didn't they build the pyramids and other massive structures with ridiculous precision given the tools they had at the time ? (sry, couldn't resist)
Good take overall. I think these various "science olympiads" are overrated. That said, I would disagree that research output in of itself is sufficient to judge a nation's prowess. I would say implementation/commercialisation is just as important, if not more so.
Also, most academic rankings of universities are just measuring research output. But many rich institutions like Harvard can afford to hire the best researchers because of tons of cash. That in of itself does not mean that Harvard is better at teaching undergrads the material than a solid public university.
I know it's a joke, but interestingly the precision of the pyramids is used as an argument that they couldn't have been built by slaves. Evidence does show that they were built by very skilled artisans.
Peer review only means others researchers in the subject area read the article and had no major objections to it. Peer reviewers do not even bother to attempt to replicate the results. There are just too many publications to review to bother with that.
In some cases where the research is interesting or the result is controversial other researchers might try to reproduce the results with their own facilities.
Tianjing University designed new catalyst and process to improve energy efficiency of propane dehydrogenation (PDH) by 20% to 30%. Multiple patents have been granted. The new process is now in production trial.
PDH is to make propene from propane. China is the number one consumer and producer of propene in the world. PDH accounts for 8% of the country's total Carbon emission. China currently relies on imported PDH technologies in production.
丙烯在全球石化产业链中具有重要地位，是生产塑料制品、医疗用品、汽车用品、建筑材料等下游产品的关键基础化工原料。我国丙烯需求和生产位居全球第一，但当前较为先进的丙烷直接脱氢制丙烯技术高度依赖进口，并且其反应过程吸收大量热量，产生较高碳排放。目前丙烯生产分别占我国和全球石化工业碳排放总量的8%和5%。因此，国内外对绿色低碳烯烃生产技术的研发极为重视。
面向世界科技前沿、国家重大需求和经济社会发展目标，天津大学巩金龙教授带领的研究团队潜心攻关，对上千种催化剂开展了测试和表征工作，从反应和传热的科学本质出发，提出了储量丰富的金属氧化物结构化设计方法，发现了催化剂结构对丙烷转化的影响规律，明确了反应中间物种迁移对不同反应的串联作用机制；经过系统的工艺条件探索，建立了反应器内热量集成利用的技术策略，开发了丙烷直接脱氢吸热反应与选择性燃烧放热反应的耦合工艺，成功突破了传统直接脱氢工艺的技术局限。与传统工艺相比，该制备工艺反应温度可降低30-50℃，预期能耗可降低20%至30%，有望大幅降低CO2排放。该研究率先攻克了新型丙烯低碳生产方法，为绿色低碳化工贡献了中国力量，为我国化工产业优化升级贡献了“天大”的力量。
烯烃的生产技术是一个国家化工行业的科学技术水平的重要标志。该丙烯生产新技术，有望推动烯烃生产的绿色低碳发展，对提升我国在烯烃生产领域的核心竞争力具有重要意义。该项创新技术已获多项国家专利授权，并已进入工业实验阶段。预计不久的将来，相关技术将在全国范围内推广应用。这对助力实现“双碳”战略目标，推动全球能源转型具有里程碑意义。
PDH is to make propene from propane. China is the number one consumer and producer of propene in the world. PDH accounts for 8% of the country's total Carbon emission. China currently relies on imported PDH technologies in production.
天大突破丙烯生产新工艺 助力化工绿色低碳化转型
7月28日，记者从天津大学获悉，该校低碳能源化工研究团队经过潜心技术攻关，提出从催化剂结构设计到反应热量高效利用的新概念，成功打破传统反应热力学限制，奠定了丙烷脱氢新工艺的科学基础。丙烯在全球石化产业链中具有重要地位，是生产塑料制品、医疗用品、汽车用品、建筑材料等下游产品的关键基础化工原料。我国丙烯需求和生产位居全球第一，但当前较为先进的丙烷直接脱氢制丙烯技术高度依赖进口，并且其反应过程吸收大量热量，产生较高碳排放。目前丙烯生产分别占我国和全球石化工业碳排放总量的8%和5%。因此，国内外对绿色低碳烯烃生产技术的研发极为重视。
面向世界科技前沿、国家重大需求和经济社会发展目标，天津大学巩金龙教授带领的研究团队潜心攻关，对上千种催化剂开展了测试和表征工作，从反应和传热的科学本质出发，提出了储量丰富的金属氧化物结构化设计方法，发现了催化剂结构对丙烷转化的影响规律，明确了反应中间物种迁移对不同反应的串联作用机制；经过系统的工艺条件探索，建立了反应器内热量集成利用的技术策略，开发了丙烷直接脱氢吸热反应与选择性燃烧放热反应的耦合工艺，成功突破了传统直接脱氢工艺的技术局限。与传统工艺相比，该制备工艺反应温度可降低30-50℃，预期能耗可降低20%至30%，有望大幅降低CO2排放。该研究率先攻克了新型丙烯低碳生产方法，为绿色低碳化工贡献了中国力量，为我国化工产业优化升级贡献了“天大”的力量。
烯烃的生产技术是一个国家化工行业的科学技术水平的重要标志。该丙烯生产新技术，有望推动烯烃生产的绿色低碳发展，对提升我国在烯烃生产领域的核心竞争力具有重要意义。该项创新技术已获多项国家专利授权，并已进入工业实验阶段。预计不久的将来，相关技术将在全国范围内推广应用。这对助力实现“双碳”战略目标，推动全球能源转型具有里程碑意义。
Based on observation data from 2000 to 2022, scientists from CAS conclude that forests in tropical China have started recovering from acid deposition. The PH values of soil and water at the observed locations have increased from 3.9 to 4.2.
Paper:
Acid deposition in China has been declining since the 2000s. While this may help mitigate acidification in forest soils and water, little is known about the recovery of soils and water from previous severe acidification in tropical China. Here, we assessed the chemistry of mineral soils, water, and acid gases (SO2 and NOx) from three successional forest types in tropical China from 2000 to 2022. Our results showed that soil pH increased synchronously from 3.9 (2000–2015) to 4.2 (2016–2022) across all three forest types, with exchangeable acid initially decreasing and thereafter stabilizing. Surface and ground water pH also gradually increased throughout the monitoring period. Soil pH recovery was stronger in the primary than in the planted forest. However, soil pH recovery lagged behind the increase in rainfall pH by approximately a decade. The recovery of soil pH was likely related to the positive effects of the dissolution of Al/Fe-hydroxysulfate mineral and subsequent sulfur desorption on soil acid-neutralizing capacity, increased soil organic matter, and climate warming, but was likely moderated by increased exchangeable aluminum and potentially proton-producing hydroxysulfate mineral dissolution that caused the lagged soil pH recovery. Surface and ground water pH recovery was attributed to increased water acid-neutralizing capacity. Our study reports the potential for the recovery of acidified soil and water following decreased acid deposition and provides new insights into the functional recovery of acid-sensitive forests.
News release:
中国科学院华南植物园鼎湖山站列志旸博士在刘菊秀研究员的指导下，依托鼎湖山站2000-2022年长期监测数据，对中国南亚热带地区3种不同演替阶段的森林（马尾松林、针阔混交林、季风常绿阔叶林）土壤、水和酸性气体(SO2和NOx)的化学性质进行了分析。结果表明，三种森林类型的土壤pH从3.9（2000-2015年）增加至4.2（2016-2022年），土壤交换性酸表现为先下降后稳定。在整个研究期间，地表水和地下水的pH逐渐升高，自然林土壤pH的恢复强于人工林。然而，与降雨pH的增加相比，土壤pH的恢复落后约十年。土壤pH恢复的滞后性可能与土壤中铝/铁-羟基硫酸盐矿物的溶解和随后的硫解吸对土壤酸中和能力、土壤有机质增加以及气候变暖有关，同时也可能被增加的交换性铝和产生质子的羟基硫酸盐矿物溶解所减缓。地表水和地下水的pH值恢复与水的酸中和能力增加有关。该研究充分利用了鼎湖山站长期监测的水质、土壤、气体等数据，报导了酸沉降减少后酸化土壤和水恢复的潜力，并为酸敏感森林的功能恢复提供新的见解，体现了长期监测在科学研究中的重要作用。
相关研究结果已近期发表在Environmental Science & Technology（《环境科学与技术》）（IF2022=11.4）上。华南植物园列志旸副研究员为论文的第一作者，刘菊秀研究员为论文的通讯作者。该项研究得到国家自然科学基金、广东省重点领域研发计划等资助。
Paper:
Acidity of Soil and Water Decreases in Acid-Sensitive Forests of Tropical China
Abstract
Acid deposition in China has been declining since the 2000s. While this may help mitigate acidification in forest soils and water, little is known about the recovery of soils and water from previous severe acidification in tropical China. Here, we assessed the chemistry of mineral soils, water, and acid gases (SO2 and NOx) from three successional forest types in tropical China from 2000 to 2022. Our results showed that soil pH increased synchronously from 3.9 (2000–2015) to 4.2 (2016–2022) across all three forest types, with exchangeable acid initially decreasing and thereafter stabilizing. Surface and ground water pH also gradually increased throughout the monitoring period. Soil pH recovery was stronger in the primary than in the planted forest. However, soil pH recovery lagged behind the increase in rainfall pH by approximately a decade. The recovery of soil pH was likely related to the positive effects of the dissolution of Al/Fe-hydroxysulfate mineral and subsequent sulfur desorption on soil acid-neutralizing capacity, increased soil organic matter, and climate warming, but was likely moderated by increased exchangeable aluminum and potentially proton-producing hydroxysulfate mineral dissolution that caused the lagged soil pH recovery. Surface and ground water pH recovery was attributed to increased water acid-neutralizing capacity. Our study reports the potential for the recovery of acidified soil and water following decreased acid deposition and provides new insights into the functional recovery of acid-sensitive forests.
News release:
华南植物园发现中国热带森林土壤和水分酸度降低
自2000年以来，中国的酸沉降呈下降趋势。虽然这可能有助于减轻森林土壤和水的酸化，但酸性敏感的森林是否能够恢复以及在多大程度上能够恢复，尤其在中国提出“双碳”目标的背景下，中国南方采取各种减排措施后，对中国热带地区土壤和水从以前严重酸化中恢复及其长期模式的相关研究仍十分有限。中国科学院华南植物园鼎湖山站列志旸博士在刘菊秀研究员的指导下，依托鼎湖山站2000-2022年长期监测数据，对中国南亚热带地区3种不同演替阶段的森林（马尾松林、针阔混交林、季风常绿阔叶林）土壤、水和酸性气体(SO2和NOx)的化学性质进行了分析。结果表明，三种森林类型的土壤pH从3.9（2000-2015年）增加至4.2（2016-2022年），土壤交换性酸表现为先下降后稳定。在整个研究期间，地表水和地下水的pH逐渐升高，自然林土壤pH的恢复强于人工林。然而，与降雨pH的增加相比，土壤pH的恢复落后约十年。土壤pH恢复的滞后性可能与土壤中铝/铁-羟基硫酸盐矿物的溶解和随后的硫解吸对土壤酸中和能力、土壤有机质增加以及气候变暖有关，同时也可能被增加的交换性铝和产生质子的羟基硫酸盐矿物溶解所减缓。地表水和地下水的pH值恢复与水的酸中和能力增加有关。该研究充分利用了鼎湖山站长期监测的水质、土壤、气体等数据，报导了酸沉降减少后酸化土壤和水恢复的潜力，并为酸敏感森林的功能恢复提供新的见解，体现了长期监测在科学研究中的重要作用。
相关研究结果已近期发表在Environmental Science & Technology（《环境科学与技术》）（IF2022=11.4）上。华南植物园列志旸副研究员为论文的第一作者，刘菊秀研究员为论文的通讯作者。该项研究得到国家自然科学基金、广东省重点领域研发计划等资助。
Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics has made progress in the research of macrostructure superlubrication.
Structural superlubrication is an important branch of modern tribology research, which refers to the lubrication state where the friction is almost zero when two crystal surfaces are in non-commensurate contact. Structural superlubrication will bring transformative progress in the fields of space exploration, space transportation, precision manufacturing and high-end equipment.
In recent years, the nano-lubrication research group of the State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has carried out research on the macro-scale realization and engineering application of structural superlubrication, and has made a series of progress. It is of great significance to realize engineering application.
Recently, researchers have made new progress in the design and realization of macrostructure superlubricating scale for engineering applications. Previous studies on structural superlubrication were limited to a single finite size (nanometer or micron scale) friction junction composed of two crystal surfaces. The scale-up approach of superlubricity focuses on how to prepare large-size two-dimensional single crystal materials and how to achieve damage-free transfer on engineering support substrates, which hinders the macroscopic scale-up and engineering application of structural superlubrication. Therefore, it is of great importance to explore the macroscopic superlubricity pathway to achieve commercial-scale production of van der Waals heterogeneous nanopowders. However, it is difficult for van der Waals heterogeneous nanopowders to form ordered junctions before friction. At the same time, after the formation of ordered friction junctions, there are complex contact reconstructions among a large number of finite-sized junctions, which is very important for realizing the macroscopic structure of van der Waals heterogeneous nanopowders. challenged.
Research and development of a simple method to weaken the edge pinning effect of nano-powders by doping graphene edge oxygen, realize the conversion of two-dimensional nano-powders to heterojunctions, and prepare a large number of nanoscale homojunctions and heterojunctions. The material realizes adjustable load, speed, etc., wide temperature range (-200~300°C) and macro-scale structure superlubrication, revealing the superlubrication regulation mechanism of heterogeneous slip and homogeneous locking. This research is of great significance for the scale-up and engineering application of structural superlubrication.
The relevant research results were published in Advanced Materials under the title of Tunable , wide-temperature and macroscale superlubricity enabled by nanoscale van der Waals heterojunction-to-homojunction transformation . The research work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the "Western Light" talent training program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Overseas Intellectual Service Action Plan of the China Association for Science and Technology, and the Collaborative Innovation Alliance Cooperation Fund for Young Scientists and Technologists of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics.
