News on China's scientific and technological development.

tphuang

tphuang

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Alright, so now Loongson is going support HarmonyOS by Huawei. I don't actually think this is a big deal, because Loongson is not doing too great in the Chinese market. They are losing out to Phytium and Zhaoxin.
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I think it's probably more important to make sure that they build out the ecosystem around Kylin OS. It's stupid to have this many linux based OS around.
 
Maikeru

Maikeru

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canonicalsadhu said:
I thought it would take China at least another 3 years to overtake the US in the nature index, but it has taken half a year!
It's official: China has surpassed the US according to the nature index based on 1 July 2021 - 30 June 2022 data:
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I don't understand this table, China has a lower count but a higher share than USA? How does that work?
 
C

canonicalsadhu

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Maikeru said:
I don't understand this table, China has a lower count but a higher share than USA? How does that work?
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The index selects high-quality articles in reputable journals and sorts the contributions by country and institution. A country/institution gets +1 count if there is at least 1 individual contributing to the article while "the share" allocated to a country/institution depends on how many authors from that country/institution contributed to that article. So if there is an article written by 3 Chinese authors and 1 American, China gets +0.75 share and US gets +0.25 share. While both get +1 count. So share is generally the more relevant index which is why countries and institutions are ranked primarily by share.
 
S

SanWenYu

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Chinese scientists developed a rapid and precise method to detect pathogens among immunocompromised cancer patients.

Paper published in English:
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Nanopore-based metagenomic sequencing for the rapid and precise detection of pathogens among immunocompromised cancer patients with suspected infections​


Cancer patients are at high risk of infections and infection-related mortality; thereby, prompt diagnosis and precise anti-infectives treatment are critical. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of nanopore amplicon sequencing in identifying microbial agents among immunocompromised cancer patients with suspected infections. This prospective study enlisted 56 immunocompromised cancer patients with suspected infections. Their body fluid samples such as sputum and blood were collected, and potential microbial agents were detected in parallel by nanopore amplicon sequencing and the conventional culture method. Among the 56 body fluid samples, 47 (83.9%) samples were identified to have at least one pathogen by nanopore amplicon sequencing, but only 25 (44.6%) samples exhibited a positive finding by culture. Among 31 culture-negative samples, nanopore amplicon sequencing successfully detected pathogens in 22 samples (71.0%). Nanopore amplicon sequencing showed a higher sensitivity in pathogen detection than that of the conventional culture method (83.9% vs. 44.6%, P<0.001), and this advantage both existed in blood samples (38.5% vs. 0%, P=0.039) and non-blood samples (97.7% vs. 58.1%, P<0.001). Compared with the culture method, nanopore amplicon sequencing illustrated more samples with bacterial infections (P<0.001), infections from fastidious pathogens (P=0.006), and co-infections (P<0.001). The mean turnaround time for nanopore amplicon sequencing was about 17.5 hours, which was shorter than that of the conventional culture assay. This study suggested nanopore amplicon sequencing as a rapid and precise method for detecting pathogens among immunocompromised cancer patients with suspected infections. The novel and high-sensitive method will improve the outcomes of immunocompromised cancer patients by facilitating the prompt diagnosis of infections and precise anti-infectives treatment.
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News report in Chinese:
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中国科研团队开发新技术 可快速检测癌症患者感染病原体​

合肥10月12日电 (吴兰 万晓枫)记者12日从中科院合肥物质科学研究院获悉，该院科研团队合作开发纳米孔测序技术，可用于癌症患者感染病原体的快速检测。

该成果在线发表在国际知名期刊 Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology上。

据悉，这一成果由中科院合肥研究院健康所谷红仓三代纳米孔测序团队与合肥肿瘤医院王宏志团队、医学病理中心邓庆梅团队合作而成的。

癌症患者感染和感染相关死亡的风险很高，因此，及时诊断和精准抗感染治疗至关重要。本研究旨在评估纳米孔扩增测序技术在识别免疫功能低下的癌症患者微生物感染方面的性能。

这项前瞻性研究招募了56名疑似感染的免疫功能低下的癌症患者，采集他们的痰液、血液等体液样本，通过纳米孔扩增测序技术检测潜在微生物病原体，并和传统的培养方法结果相比较。与传统培养方法相比，纳米孔测序能够更敏感的检测肿瘤伴随细菌感染，苛养菌感染和合并感染，平均周转时间缩短约17.5小时。

该研究表明，纳米孔扩增测序作为一种快速而精确的方法，可以用于疑似感染的免疫功能低下的癌症患者的病原体检测，这种新颖且高灵敏度的方法将通过促进感染的及时诊断和精确的抗感染治疗来改善免疫功能低下的癌症患者的预后。
 
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SanWenYu

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From the scientists working at the National Supercomputer Center in Guangzhou (where the Tianhe-2 supercomputer is):
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Improving Material Property Prediction by Leveraging the Large-Scale Computational Database and Deep Learning​

Abstract​

Predicting physical and chemical properties of materials based on structures is critical for bottom-up material design. Many property prediction models and material training databases have been proposed, but accurately predicting properties is still challenging. Here, we report a package of “Matgen + CrystalNet” approach to improve material property prediction. We construct a large-scale material genome database (Matgen) containing 76k materials collected from an experimentally observed database and compute their properties through the density functional theory method with the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional. Our database achieves the same computation accuracy by comparing part of our results with those from the open Material Project and Open Quantum Materials Database, all with PBE computations, and contains more diverse chemical species and big-sized structures. Based on the computed properties of our comprehensive data set, we have developed a new graph neural network (GNN) model, namely, CrystalNet, by strengthening the message passing between atoms and bonds to mimic physical and chemical interactions. The model is shown to outperform other GNN prediction models. The proof-of-concept applications, such as fine-tuning data on experimental values to improve prediction accuracy and bandgap prediction on hypothetical materials, showcase the usability and potential capacity of our package of “database + model” to improve material design.
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SanWenYu

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CAS built and demonstrated a ground-based prototype for super long distance (over 3 million kms) laser link between satellites. It is a prerequisite of the Taiji mission which is to detect gravitational wave in space using satellite constellation.

Paper published in English:
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On-ground demonstration of laser-link construction for space-based detection of gravitational waves​

1.jpg2.jpg​

News release by CAS in Chinese:
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力学所等在空间引力波探测星间激光链路构建研究中取得进展​

太极计划通过卫星编队的形式进行空间引力波探测，而构建星间激光链路是其中的关键环节之一。相比应用于星间激光通信、重力场测量等领域的传统星间激光链路构建任务，太极计划需应用有限的星上资源实现三百万公里超远距离激光捕获及1 nrad/Hz1/2量级超高精度指向，因此其实现难度要大得多。为此，科学家提出采用三级捕获探测方案，通过星敏感器（STR）、CMOS捕获相机及四象限探测器（QPD）逐级探测压制激光指向偏差。目前对该方案的研究仍停留在仿真模拟及关键技术原理方法学论证阶段，并未充分考虑各阶段之间系统参数及核心探测技术之间的耦合关系，亟需通过全流程地面模拟实验进一步验证激光链路方案主要技术指标的可行性。

针对上述问题，中国科学院力学研究所引力波实验中心与中国科学院大学杭州高等研究院太极团队研究人员开展了面向太极计划的超高精度星间激光链路构建地面验证技术研究，设计并搭建了激光捕获跟瞄一体化地面模拟实验系统（图1）。该系统在完整还原捕获跟瞄方案光学系统及实施流程的基础上充分考虑了对激光远场波前、高斯平顶光束接收、弱接收光强等空间实际运行情况的模拟。系统采用小口径光阑结合大发散角出射光，依据合理的参数设计及器件选型，在实验室近场传输情况下实现了双端近似夫琅禾费衍射模拟及高斯平顶光束接收。

光学平台上放置有CMOS及QPD两级探测器，利用自研的上位机软件可实现捕获-跟瞄全流程自动模拟。模拟实验采用DWS信号实时监测激光指向角度变化，实验数据展示了由初始指向—扫描开环捕获—闭环捕获—精密指向的全流程指向角度变化（图2），实现了对初始时刻百微弧度量级指向偏差的逐级压制。

在激光捕获探测技术方面，该研究首次提出并采用了改进的质心算法，在百皮瓦级弱光情况下实现了亚像素级光斑中心定位精度。在QPD前设计了共轭成像系统，降低了beam-walk对DWS技术非线性误差产生的影响，提高了精密指向阶段角度测量精度。在QPD探测器处，激光捕获及激光精密指向结果（图3），对应到实际400倍放大率的望远镜前均能满足太极计划要求，充分验证了目前拟采用方案的可行性。

该项研究工作从物理实验的角度出发，设计并搭建了星间激光链路构建地面模拟实验系统，一方面为相应关键技术研究提供了模拟实验平台，验证了关键技术间的耦合关系，提出方法学上的改进策略并指导器件参数选择；另一方面，充分验证了整个方案的可行性，为未来方案转入工程化实现阶段提供了完备的理论验证及技术支持。相关研究成果近期发表在Optics and Lasers in Engineering上。
 
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