Main advantage with a LRASM in VLS vs Harpoon in canister a MSC can carry much more as 8 then the salvo can be more big eventualy. More easy for saturatings attack.
And with this new missiles Mk-41 is completely polyvalent can use SSM in more SAM, LACM, ASW missiles.
In theory up to 80/Zumwalt 90 in Burke, 96/Austin and 122/Ticonderoga but stock are not unlimited then in practice it is different and mainly about 2/3 SAM in cell's coz AAW is the main mission for this combattants.
Only things again but important very difficult almost impossible refuel weapons at sea on a ship with VLS except maybe ? first Burke and Ticonderoga with a crane in the Mk-41 seems can help but with a sea calm.
More easy with launcher with arm and magazine but rate of fire clearly inferior the best US the best i have for datas 12 missiles/mn, Mk-41 60 the less good i have for SA-N-6 20/mn, for Chinese ??? a clear difference mainly usefull vs saturating attacks.
Despite that Harpoon is always a decent SSM.