U.S. May Include South Korea Among ‘Dirty 15’
The U.S. government has referred to 15 countries with high non-tariff barriers as the “Dirty 15,” raising concerns that South Korea may be included in the list.
U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent stated in an interview with Fox News on March 18 (local time), “On Apr. 2, we will announce the tariff rates for each country,” adding, “Some countries may have lower rates, while others may face higher ones.” He further explained that the U.S. would take into account factors such as a country’s tariff rates, non-tariff barriers, currency manipulation, unfair financial practices, and labor suppression.
Bessent also noted, “I am optimistic that some tariffs may not be implemented because countries could reach agreements before then or approach us for negotiations once they receive their reciprocal tariff figures.” This suggests that countries taking measures satisfactory to the U.S. could avoid tariffs, marking a somewhat softened stance from previous statements that emphasized tariffs without exception in reciprocal trade.
However, Bessent also remarked, “There are countries we call the ‘Dirty 15,’ which impose significant tariffs on the U.S.,” pointing out that these nations maintain critical non-tariff barriers, such as requiring a certain level of domestic production or enforcing inspections on U.S. food and goods that are unrelated to safety. While he did not specify which countries are included in the ‘Dirty 15,’ some analysts suggest that South Korea cannot be ruled out as a possibility.
In fact, South Korea ranked as the eighth-largest surplus country in trade with the U.S. last year by recording a surplus of $65.8 billion. Additionally, U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) Chief Jamieson Greer, who met with South Korean Trade
Minister Jeong In-kyo last week, reportedly expressed strong dissatisfaction with South Korea’s sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures on agricultural products, stating that there was “a lot to fix.” On March 17, White House
National Economic Council (NEC) Chairman Kevin Hassett also specifically pointed out that the U.S. trade deficit with South Korea has persisted for years. President Donald Trump even claimed in a congressional speech that South Korea’s average tariff rate is four times that of the U.S., citing incorrect statistics.
If South Korea is classified under the “Dirty 15,” following its recent designation as a “sensitive country” by the U.S. Department of Energy, it could face significant pressure in trade negotiations with Washington.
Meanwhile, South Korea’s key export sector, semiconductors, may also face increasing difficulties in exports to China. U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick stated, “We are working to incorporate indirect export controls into trade agreements with various countries to prevent China from securing U.S. semiconductors.”
While the U.S. has already taken administrative measures to curb indirect semiconductor exports to China, the statement suggests a plan to explicitly include such restrictions in trade agreements. Given that Samsung Electronics and SK hynix rely on U.S.-made equipment and software for advanced semiconductor production at their Chinese plants, they would inevitably face significant repercussions if such restrictions are formalized in trade agreements.