Not an antitorpedo bulkhead? I am not going to post the same photos of 003 any longer since its been posted again and again, but those bulkheads are clearly anti-torpedo. No chance to protect the internals of a ship from modern missile, that's also nonsense, as bulkheads have shown they can absorb multiple antiship missile hits, including smaller merchant vessels and old warships that are used for live target practice. The ships do not sink in one hit and can take hits consecutively.
Internal design of the 003 appears based on tried and true practice with all warship designs that goes back to the Dreadnought era prior to WW1. Nothing out of the ordinary, its a very textbook classic design of a warship. It almost looks like a battleship to me. and carriers grew out from battleship hull designs. Carriers are designed for a lot of impact survivability from antiship missiles, and will take consecutive hits. Of course, when it comes to huge supersonic and hypersonic missiles like Granit or Zircon or DF-17 it becomes a different matter. But at least you are still looking to survive against subsonic missiles like Harpoon to Tomahawk sized missiles. Antiship missiles are not armor piercing, and the supersonic ones only go as far as Semi-AP. They have to rely on shaped charges to achieve penetration, which in turn is defeated by spaced armor, as in bulkheads.
I think you underestimate the penetration capability of supersonic missiles.
The tomahawk has a penetration capability of 50mm steel.
The p-800 has 2000 mm penetration deep.
A tomahawk missile penetrating swallow ,and detonating in the side, so reinforcing it makes sens.
The P-800 capable to penetrate as deep as a 16" mark 7 gun from ballistic trajectory, with similar speed characteristic, and higher mass ,against a target that lack any reinforcement.
It will penetrate / destroy somewhere between 10000-30000 cubic meter of space, so if a 100k carrier has 200k reserve buoyancy then 3-6 will sink a 100k ship regardless of bulkheads.
Of course tomahawk needs way more for the same effect : )
Of course the water/ fuel storage has to be positioned somewhere, and the berthing can be on the perimeter as well, and those improve the survivalability of the ship, but these design characteristic just a common sense arrangement of spaces, without any extra resources for useless protection.
The fuel /water tanks could looks like the torpedo protection, but it is just storage.
For me most probable explanation of the current shape of the ship is the manufacturing process ,and to be able to align the modules with little effort.
