Would you rely on another country protecting you from WMDs? Yeah, right!
I've said it before, Japan has no nukes, so there is no threat - just the ability for Japan to defend itself from Pyongyang. There simply won't be enough interceptors stationed to protect Japan from Chinese/Russian nuclear attack.
You need a backup in case your first line of defence is bypassed/unable to respond.
As of right now ABM is not a defensive weapon. It is a shield to be used in conjunction with the sword of first strike capability. You are right when you say that there aren't enough interceptors, but what about after a first strike? Of course the US does not have convincing 1st strike capability against China or Russia right now but it is working on atttaining it, and ABM is part of that.
As for hunting down the 094 I would say that Japan would use a number of SAGs to advance across the East China Sea, hunting for them, as well as deploying all of its P-3s and diesel subs. However, in any situation where the 094 might be used the US would certainly be involved because of the nuclear component.
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