J-20 5th Generation Fighter VII

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reservior dogs

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I think the Su-30MK2 will be replaced with the J-16. Or China might develop an upgrade package for it to bring it to J-16 level.

And the J-15's future once the J-XY comes out is kind of doubtful.
Will the PLAN want to use a heavy/medium fighter combination or just use the J-XY? Will we ever see a naval J-20?

There is a question over what will replace the J-16. If a dual seater J-20 if something else. Might even be a whole new aircraft.
I personally think the J-20's internal bays are just too small for a twin jet bomber role.
Su-30MK2 will be retired. The J-15 should still have a role. You will need the navalized growlers which will not be stealthy and you can use some bomb trucks which are not stealthy but can carry larger loads. Even for the U.S. navy, we are not going all F-35s, there will be some portion of F-18 in the fleet.
 

Totoro

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Lockheed Martin delivered about 140 F-35s both in 2020 and 2021 and announced to have a peak output of 180 in FY 2023 and 2024.

Why do you think CAC is unable to have four J-20 production lines, or each production line is unable to produce 20 J-20s per year?

Or do you simply disagree that the whole China aviation industry can reach 40% of Lockheed Martin's production capacity?
CAC is able to produce hundreds of planes, even J-20s per year. As any plane maker with similar experience and position would be.
Ramping up to such levels of course takes time and money. So many people in the whole production chain to hire, train, etc. Expansion of whole infrastructure and said production chain. Whether it'd take a few years or a decade is besides the point.

But in reality that's not the situation today nor does it seem it will happen in the next decade or so. The only situation that'd spur such a change would be if the Chinese government said - "New World War is not only inevitable, but it's going to happen within the next X years. We're million percent sure of it". And then if said government went to the PLA and asked them "what would it take to win said war?" And, among other things, the PLA said "we'll, we'd need to double the size of our air force, and have it made up mostly of 5th gen planes. But it needs to be done quickly". So then the PLAAF would suddenly get obscene amounts of money, and keep getting them for years.

In such a situation we'd likely see those Defense budgets skyrocket from a 1.4 trillion Yuan to two trillion Yuan per year. (roughly speaking).
And then within several years we'd indeed see massive numbers of new units getting J20s, whole new units standing up and so on.

Anyway. We're not seeing that because it's not happening. Because PLAAF did not get said amount of money. Because the government doesn't see the war as an absolutely unavoidable and/or doesn't see it happening for sure within the next decade.

But as for the capability of Chinese planemakers to do that once and if such a decision comes - said capability is there. It's "only" constrained by time and money.
 

caohailiang

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CAC is able to produce hundreds of planes, even J-20s per year. As any plane maker with similar experience and position would be.
Ramping up to such levels of course takes time and money. So many people in the whole production chain to hire, train, etc. Expansion of whole infrastructure and said production chain. Whether it'd take a few years or a decade is besides the point.

But in reality that's not the situation today nor does it seem it will happen in the next decade or so. The only situation that'd spur such a change would be if the Chinese government said - "New World War is not only inevitable, but it's going to happen within the next X years. We're million percent sure of it". And then if said government went to the PLA and asked them "what would it take to win said war?" And, among other things, the PLA said "we'll, we'd need to double the size of our air force, and have it made up mostly of 5th gen planes. But it needs to be done quickly". So then the PLAAF would suddenly get obscene amounts of money, and keep getting them for years.

In such a situation we'd likely see those Defense budgets skyrocket from a 1.4 trillion Yuan to two trillion Yuan per year. (roughly speaking).
And then within several years we'd indeed see massive numbers of new units getting J20s, whole new units standing up and so on.

Anyway. We're not seeing that because it's not happening. Because PLAAF did not get said amount of money. Because the government doesn't see the war as an absolutely unavoidable and/or doesn't see it happening for sure within the next decade.

But as for the capability of Chinese planemakers to do that once and if such a decision comes - said capability is there. It's "only" constrained by time and money.

We have rumours about new production lines gradually spooling up -- but we do not know what the maximum possible production rate per line is.

The assumption that 12-15 J-20s per year as a "minimum" is quite fraught -- for all we know, 12 J-20s per year might be the maximum, and even with increases in efficiencies, you will not be able to deliver more than one or two airframes in a year from a single line. Certainly not doubling the rate, not without significant expansion in the actual production floorspace and tooling and personnel.


My personal estimate is that I think CAC this year can produce over 30 J-20s, possibly nearly 40.
Going forwards, once the J-10 line is transferred to Guizhou and if it is converted to J-20, they may be able to reach near 50 J-20s.

Anymore than that (certainly not 60-80 airframes!) would require expansion of factory floorspace, personnel, and tooling, all of which would require long term planning to have happened sometime ago if we want to see it kick in in the next few years.
I.e.: it is not just a matter of funding and budget -- it is also a matter of time, land, personnel, and other long lead factors.


Comparisons to F-35 are not useful, given the F-35 program draws upon far more extensive subsuppliers and aerospace companies than CAC and was intended from the outset to be able to deliver triple digit airframes annually, with the subsuppliers and factory space all lined up.
The size of Lockheed's Plant 4 at Fort Worth is also massive, and outscales CAC by a decent margin.



At the end of the day, J-20 annual deliver is going to have a "peak sustainable production rate". I think we should think carefully about just how high or low that peak rate may be.

thanks for the analysis. Do you have any comparison on the production floor space of LM & CAC?
 

plawolf

Lieutenant General
CAC is able to produce hundreds of planes, even J-20s per year. As any plane maker with similar experience and position would be.
Ramping up to such levels of course takes time and money. So many people in the whole production chain to hire, train, etc. Expansion of whole infrastructure and said production chain. Whether it'd take a few years or a decade is besides the point.

But in reality that's not the situation today nor does it seem it will happen in the next decade or so. The only situation that'd spur such a change would be if the Chinese government said - "New World War is not only inevitable, but it's going to happen within the next X years. We're million percent sure of it". And then if said government went to the PLA and asked them "what would it take to win said war?" And, among other things, the PLA said "we'll, we'd need to double the size of our air force, and have it made up mostly of 5th gen planes. But it needs to be done quickly". So then the PLAAF would suddenly get obscene amounts of money, and keep getting them for years.

In such a situation we'd likely see those Defense budgets skyrocket from a 1.4 trillion Yuan to two trillion Yuan per year. (roughly speaking).
And then within several years we'd indeed see massive numbers of new units getting J20s, whole new units standing up and so on.

Anyway. We're not seeing that because it's not happening. Because PLAAF did not get said amount of money. Because the government doesn't see the war as an absolutely unavoidable and/or doesn't see it happening for sure within the next decade.

But as for the capability of Chinese planemakers to do that once and if such a decision comes - said capability is there. It's "only" constrained by time and money.

I would not be so quick to make such big conclusions.

It’s precisely because it takes years to spin up additional production capacity from start to delivery that our ability to observe such developments are understandably lumpy.

We won’t see all the incremental, behind the scenes hard work until the fruits of said work and investment start getting delivered to frontline units. In fact probably not even then as our ability to track new deliveries are massively limited to what China chooses to let us see and what slips through the net of its internet censors.

I think people may be surprised at the J20 production rates, as I think work to boost said production rates would have started years ago, and the first signs of that feeding through into additional production would have been around the time China started cracking down on wall climbers and the effective live updates from CAC abruptly ended.

I think that, and the preceding years of tolerance to such detailed reporting was very deliberate and well done effort to conceal the true annual production rates in the subsequent years.

By allowing a pretty consistent and relatively complete dataset to be collected through such unofficial leaks in the previous years, and then ending the leaks, the most logical course of action for outside observers would be to simply extend the original datapoints by time to arrive at the expected current total production numbers.

Now imagine if that original dataset was allowed to be collected precisely because CAC was only spinning up production rates and maybe even slowing down production as they trained people up for the new line(s) to replace the J10 lines and/or as they re-rolled for engine changes etc.

So the observed production rate might be 24 planes per year for example, but the true production rate might be 36 or even 48. This can make a huge difference if you are using the existing line production rate to estimate the new total production capacity of CAC once the J10 lines have finished converting to J20 production.

It’s easy to make such educated guesses, but nearly impossible to substantiate and prove it due to the lack of solid datapoints on current and future J20 production rates. More so because of the strength of the original dataset means that many will demand equal or better data before they will accept any assumed peak production rate per line.
 

Totoro

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thanks for the analysis. Do you have any comparison on the production floor space of LM & CAC?
Those will be almost impossible to get.
Even if someone finds a promotional blurb about floor space area, or even if someone attempts to measure it from satellite images, far too many unknowns will remain, making direct comparison unwise.
How does one know what facilities are included in stated floor area? How much of production is done in house and how much outside?
What products are manufacturers doing? Some could be, for example, using part of their floor space to do parts for commercial airliners.
What's the efficiency of each plane maker? X area of production floor doesn't have to equate to same capacity.
Looking at the satellite imagery, it's again hard to assess just what building is part of each manufacturer and even harder to know what building does what - some could be for testing, some could be for other, non military products etc etc.

That said, while precise comparison is not really possible, one can still see that both SAC and CAC have increased their floor spaces immensely over time. But with all of the stuff said above - that's not precise enough to know if the production can be doubled or tripled or increased to any other precise figure.
 
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