lets see;
Indefatigable went down with 5 hits from Von Der tan's 11 inch,
Queen Mary went down with 2 hits from Derfflinger
not to mention many of the ships were mission killed that day. Hood was not alone.
I will not underestimate on the SS-N-19, a 16" gun have a muzzle enegy of around 787 Mj (1200 kg @ 810 m/s) while the SSM will have around +541 Mj (750 kg+ missile weight @ 850 m/s) of kenetic enegy + 3459 Mj of explosive energy.
British BC all where sunk because they lacked protection for their ammo magazines. Hood, Renown and Repulse where built with the same design faults, and Hood was never rebuilt. German designs where better, and after Dogger Bank German demage control was improved. Iowa his a much later design, built by people who had loads of data from WWI and from building the South Dakotas and who had for the first time the chance to build a ship has big has they wanted, free from treaty limitations.
Building well protected ships was a art that reached it's peak in the 40s, and during the cold war protection was a low priority because everybody expected to use nukes from day one and there was no point in trying to build a nuke proof ship. Then in 82 the RN lost 2 DDG and 2 FFG to hits from weapons that wouldn't probably have sunk a WWII CL, and everybody had to rethink protection standards.
Kirov is a late 60 concept, built in the 70, and pre falklands. It is a modern day BC, all fire power and speed but little protection. Now we see the Tommahawk has a land attack weapon, but the B and E versions where excelent antiship weapons in the 80s, with long range. The SS-N19 Granit is a much bigger weapon. Both would hit, and both ship would fire salvos from long range has soon has they could. So the question would be, who fires first. Here the Kirov OTH tergetting Helis can give her a edge. The Granit was designed to penetrate the deck or side of a CVN and explode inside. It would probably penetrate the splinter deck of the Iowas, but I don't think it was designed to penetrate the main armoured deck. So it would explode between both decks, wich is exactly what Iowa designers wanted.
A one on one fight (without nukes) between the best from the 40s and the best fron the 70s would go like this:
1. If Iowa manages to fire first it wins. It would fire up to 48+36 missiles in salvos (Tommhawks first Harpoons later has it closes in). Multiple hits would disable Kirov, and then the BB would close in to finish her (if kirov doesn´t sink first) with gunfire from long range.
2. If kirov can fire a salvo of Granits before being hit it will either demage or even sink Iowa, depending on luck. There is a possibility that both ships would sink, and the superior speed of the Mach 2.5 Granit vs the slow Tommahawk would give Kirov more time to fire back.
3. If Kirov fires first the best chance is to use all it's 20 Granits in a rapid salvo and turn away. Satelites can find out what happened to the target. If Kirov decides to stay around to take a look at the wreckage, and Iowa is lucky enough to survive ( the derfflinger cames to mind, having taken way more punishment than she was designed for) the Iowa could have the last laugh.
4. If Kirov by any crazy chance gets within 16'' range it´s dead.
