interesting article about problems of PLAAF

petty officer1

Junior Member
My mom kinda translate this for me soo... :p :eek: :eek: I wish i can speak chinese better...:eek:



怯战的中国空军探密

1979年3月27日清晨,随着祖国西南边陲的一声炮响,压抑在全国人民心中已久的怒火随着惩罚越南小霸战争的开始终于得到了宣泄,在密集炮火的掩护下,十几个还没有达到机械化程度的解放军步兵师在少量坦克掩护下,向着曾在不久前击败美国侵略军,号称陆军战力世界第三的越南军队,发起了规模庞大的进攻,在密集炮火掩护下,他们不顾每天1千人以上这个叫每个中国人心里发颤滴血的伤亡代价,与装备普遍强于自己的越军进行拼死搏杀!前进!前进!战士们踏着战友的遗体,每个黝黑的脸上透露出刚毅的神情,抚摩着脖子上挂的“光荣弹”,背负祖国人民的期望,义无返顾地杀入越南境内。



  在高平战役进入关键时刻,某装甲营在开进途中接到上级命令,要他们在团长、政委率领下搭载少量步兵,在3个小时内,杀开一条血路,冲破数十公里距离越军的重重阻拦,不惜一切代价,直插东溪,截断越南某师的退路,并阻止敌人一个王牌师的增援,确保歼灭战的顺利进行。车轮滚滚,马达轰鸣,装甲洪流不顾越南军队和民兵在有利地形上的层层阻击,推开被越军“截头打尾”战法击毁堵住去路的战车,克服被越军炸垮水库洪水沼泽的阻拦,迎着呼啸飞过的反坦克导弹和火箭弹的轰击,坚决地朝东溪杀去!轰!团长的指挥坦克中弹!团长牺牲!轰!政委的坦克中弹!政委牺牲!沙石公路两边的越军埋伏在茂密的原始森林中,象狂风一样射出各种枪弹和火箭,有的暴露在敌人火力下的步兵勇士甚至被敌人的高射机枪子弹拦腰扫断,到处是飞扬的残肢短臂,到处是负伤的战友,许多战士负伤多次,还在用手中的武器还击着越军,准备用自己生命的最后一刻,掩护战车脱离险境,为祖国和人民流尽最后一滴血。



  这是在敌国境内,没有任何百姓会来帮助我们!这些受伤、直至牺牲的战士怎么也不会想到,他的身后,有一支号称“世界第三”的空军!多少烈士在牺牲后还仰着面庞,面对着天空,仿佛还在期盼着空军的出现。如果能有得力的空中掩护,这支有着数十辆坦克的穿插部队绝对不会遭到大部伤亡,惨烈到最后仅有五辆坦克到达东溪,艰难地完成炸毁吊桥,阻止越军王牌师增援,保证主力部队聚歼越军的光荣任务。由于空军飞机无法飞到火线抢运伤员,许多战友在忍受漫长的伤痛箭熬时在转运站牺牲,更由于没有制订空降要点的作战计划,使许多费了很大代价包围住了的越军又得以从小路逃窜,甚至在宣布撤军后,一个整连的步兵由于没有接到撤退命令而又陷入敌人重围,也由于无法实施空降救援而被越军集体俘虏,使我军的正义行动遭到越军极大的羞辱!



  事情还没有完,退军后,我军又同越军陷入了历时10年的边界战争,这之间,出现了攻占“骑线点”的法卡山攻坚保卫战、者阴山拔点保卫战和后来享誉世界的老山攻坚及其后来的保卫战。特别是老山攻坚战,面对越军一个加强团的坚固防御阵地,我军投入了整师的部队,在付出巨大的伤亡之后,终于收复了老山。现在每年到老山烈士陵园凭吊的战友和家属,面对在若干平方公里范围内耸立着数不清烈士墓碑的巨大英烈陵园,怎么也想不到,如果当时空军能够出动,只要在老山地域投掷几颗类似美军“丛林割草机”样式的巨型空气燃料炸弹,将能立刻扫清老山阵地周遍密布的雷阵,震死或窒息老山上大部分的守军,我们的突击队如果能够乘坐直升飞机空降到山上,虽然不至于“兵不血刃”的占领阵地,但不至于付出如此惨重的代价。



  而在这段时间,我们的空军在干着什么?请听一个英国记者发自广西桂林的报道:在桂林那个不大的机场上,飞机跑道两边的停机坪居然从头到尾停满了将近200架先进的米格-21型战斗机,显示了中国空军所具有的强大实力”。捎带一个典型事例:在反击战关键的时刻,为了迎击朝国境线飞来的12架越南战机,我国空军以“牛刀杀鸡”的方式,居然起飞了上百架飞机迎战,事后我军报纸还得意的报道:这样的气势吓得越军飞机“落荒而逃”;是胆怯还是气壮如牛?不管怎样,没有击落一架敌机这样的事实是谁也否认不了的。用这种方式强烈的暗示越南:咱们最好谁都别用空军,要不你等着瞧!中国可能是现代世界的第一家。



  这样怯战的事情还在继续:在随后两年边界争夺骑线点的过程中,越军多次使用他们仅有的两架米格-21侦察机,采用窜扰的方式对我国边界地区进行侦察拍照,我们空军多次出动战机进行截击均无功而返,而在唯一一次抓住战机的空战中,我军一个老飞行员成功地有效占位,向越机发射了两枚我国自制的“霹雳-2”导弹,结果导弹在击中越机前的一煞那,竟低头躲过越机飘然而去。这个严重事件,震惊了我军统帅部,马上派出了由军、地两方专家组成的调查组,调查是什么原因使越南飞机躲过了导弹,结果是以什么也没查出来,军、地双方互相推卸责任、互相指责而不了了之。后来听说,这两架越南侦察机最后被从北方紧急调来的地空导弹部队击落、击伤各一架,从而停止了窜扰行动。



  这是为什么?事后听说,对越反击战不使用飞机,是因为中央要限制战争的规模,不给苏联以介入的借口而采取的行动,而我们在战争中也成功地做到了这一点等等。这样的说法对我们这些经过文化大革命洗礼的人来说是没有说服力的,因为苏联在我边界陈兵百万时,他们随时可以制造借口对中国进行打击;另外,同期在柬、泰边界也进行着另一场边界战争,为了袭击躲藏在泰国境内的红色高棉武装,越南不断地越过边界,结果和守卫边界的泰国军队不断的发生武装冲突,在战斗中,越南和泰国都曾出动过飞机,特别是泰国,每一次反击越军的越境骚扰,都出动战斗机掩护直升飞机对越军进行轰炸扫射,他们的目的就是为了减少伤亡,大量杀伤敌人,以收到发挥兵力兵器最大效益的结果。战争规模从来都是政治家决定的,从来没有听说多使用飞机这一种武器,就会导致战争规模灾难性地扩大。



  在建国初期,中国在自己的空军还很弱小时,就组织了志愿军空军到朝鲜与不可一世的美国空军作战,不但取得了重要战果,也起到了尽快结束朝鲜战争的作用;更有后来,毛主席为了支援中东人民的解放斗争,采用炮击金门、与美蒋空军进行大规模空战的方式吸引了6支美国航母编队到中国附近海域的战例以及成功解放一江山岛两栖登陆作战的成功,都证明空军是我军所有武器中效费比最高的武器,惟独这次对越反击战,我们陆军付出了这么大的代价,如果空军没有难言之隐,我们能不用吗?我至今坚持认为,如果没有“难言之隐”,我军是不会出此下策的,放着这么一个有多年光荣传统的“拳头”部队不让参战!



  面对牺牲了的大量战友和军方的缄口不言,我这个幼时的航空爱好者暗自下了决心:要通过自己的不懈努力,通过调查,找到一个比较能说的通的理由,来诠释中国空军怯战之迷。在80年代初,我在一份航空杂志上看到一篇介绍巴基斯坦使用中国作战飞机取得作战胜利的专访:在这篇巴基斯坦人撰写的关于他们国家成功使用中国制造的歼-6战机,取得了保卫国家领空的文章上得知,巴空军在60年代中后期获得第一批中国制造的歼-6战机后,惊讶的发现,中国的飞机上居然连“惯性导航仪”这样普遍和关键的仪器都没有装,巴军根据自己的需要在美、英等国采购了惯导等13项重要仪器仪表安装在飞机上,从而使中国产的歼?6性能得到了跨越性的提高,使巴空军的这种飞机提高了整整一个档次,变得可以和第二代的米格-21和苏?7等著名飞机抗衡而毫不落下风。



  在随后发生的印、巴空战中,巴飞行员甚至在以一对二的不利局面下,取得了单机一次击落两架印度第二代苏?7型战机的辉煌战果,使印度空军代表团到前苏联大吵大闹,要求重新采购苏联早已停产多年的米格-19飞机的传奇故事等等按下不表。



  看到这份报道后,我陷入沉思:我们的飞机没有装备“惯性导航仪”?这个装置到底能对空军的作战行动起到什么帮助呢?如果很有用,为什么我们国家的飞机不装备?我觉得,我国空军也是世界著名的,有那么多的空军英雄和航空专家,他们会忽视这个重要装置的存在?我觉得不可能。为了探讨这个问题,我觉得有必要进行深入的学习和探讨。多年来,我们国家对军队中存在的重要缺陷基本上是缄口不言,而对取得的成绩总是要大吹大擂的,我早就有这方面的经验了。于是,我在走南闯北的工作间隙,总要抽空到场站去参观飞机,我多次坐在战斗机、强击机的飞机座仓中,向飞行员讨教这些种类飞机的导航方法以及和作战使用上的工作原理,并捎带着了解飞机其他系统的工作过程等,从中获取了大量第一手资料。



  惯性导航仪有这么重要的作用?根据自己的学习总结,得知这个装置的主要功能是通过显示坐标值的方式时刻告诉飞行员你的飞机现在在地球上的准确位置,而且这种装置还有很多档次,高档次的只要预先输入导航数据,就能自动控制飞机抵达预定地点。



通过调查,我对我国的作战飞机在当时没有安装这么重要的仪表感到惊诧,又结合从飞行员处讨教得来的消息,研究我军自朝鲜战争以来在没有这个东西的时候是怎么遂行战斗任务的。好在原理不复杂,我很快就弄明白了。  



  原来我们国家这些年来飞机导航就靠四件宝:一是罗盘(即指北针),二是“塔康”(即信标机),三是飞行地图,四是飞行员的经验。飞行员在确定自己位置时,只要读出塔康和罗盘的角度,就可以结合飞行图,利用角度相交的方法就可在飞行图上大致确定自己飞机所在的位置。这样做的缺点也是显而易见的:



  首先,这样定位的方法产生的误差比较大,如果是在训练飞行中,飞行员可以通过查找河流、城市、目标特殊的山峰等具有显著特征的地标地物,再根据罗盘、信标机指示的角度就可以较方便的回到所要去的机场。在空战中,我军的飞机通常不飞出雷达探测的区域,如果迷失方向,在得到提醒后或者采取在训练中所用的方法,依然可以将飞机飞回机场,但是如果将这种方法用在象越南这样有显著咯斯克地貌和浓密丛林覆盖的地域,进行对地近距离支援这样的作战行动中就不行了,特别是定位不准确这个致命缺点,不但无法准确击中被茂密丛林遮蔽的敌人,而且还有可能炸到自己。



  美国在越南战争中,为什么要派出由特种兵巡逻队到各地寻找革命武装,原因是他们可以在发现越军后,通过及时将测算出的越军所在地的精确坐标通报给空军的方法,使空军可以在肉眼看不见敌人的情况下毫不费力地将炸弹准确地抛洒在越军头上,当然,前提是美军飞机必须全部安装高精度的惯性导航仪,才能轻松地完成这种任务。我们的飞机在1979年对越反击战时还普遍没有安装这个装置,要完成在象越南这样的敌对国家陌生的地域实施近距支援这样的作战行动,就要采取四个步骤:1先航拍,2再测量,3制订作战方案,4再反复演练,5然后才能出动攻击。这个过程快则数天,慢则几个月(听说在解放一江山岛之前,我军的航拍工作进行了三个多月,战后勘测发现,蒋军在岛上的工事几乎百分之百被判读员发现,为此,还特地给情报判读员记了功),说到这儿,网友们可能全明白了,假如中国空军在每次战斗前,都要费这么大的劲,步兵早把仗打完了。



  例如,中国原先设计装备强-5攻击机的初衷,主要是对付未来在反侵略战争中的外国坦克集群,在我华北平原上用目视就能发现敌人的坦克和装备,在我们熟悉的国土上用目视轰炸的方法在上世纪6、70年代确实能够解决问题,而越南北部与我国毗邻的地区具有典型的咯斯特地貌,飞行员从空中看下去,千百座山的样子都差不多,在没有高性能惯性导航仪的情况下,又要查看罗盘,又要查看塔康,又要对照地图,还要防备敌人的火力,这么重的负担当然无法准确地支援地面作战了。如果我们飞机上装备惯性导航仪的话,只要将前方报来的轰炸地点坐标事先设定好,我们驾驶飞机朝目标飞过去,只要对着导航仪给定的航线飞过去,快到目标的时候将投弹按纽这么一按,不就完成精确轰炸了?原来美国人在越南就是这么干的!这个问题一弄懂,我也看清楚了,当时空军走到这么被动的地步,也有它的苦衷。是我们国家造不出这种仪表?答案是否定的,因为当时我军已经成批装备了中、远程导弹,而导弹上面如果不安装精度极高的惯性导航仪,那么是根本不能击中目标的。想象当年的情景,我完全理解了:“十年浩劫”给我们军队带来的灾难,由于“拨乱反正”才刚刚开始,我们空军当时整体的落后组织体系还未形成,如果强要空军参战,弄不好会炸到自己人,所以统帅部忍痛割爱也就不足为奇了。



  在这里,我将自己小时候遇见的一件真人真事,一并奉送给网友:60年代末我在中学读书时,我有一个要好的朋友,他的大哥是空军飞行员,他经常向我们炫耀他哥哥的英雄事迹以获取我们的青睐。说实话,他哥哥的确是幼年的我心目中的偶像,我小时候最大的幻想就是长大能当一名空军飞行员。突然有一天,这个朋友来找我,说他哥哥回来探家了,正在家里被他爸爸训话,看样子,他哥哥被骂得“狗血淋头”。为什么?他的话引起了我的极大兴趣。他说:“因为在前不久进行的年终轰炸考核中,他哥哥驾驶的“轰-6”型轰炸机没能炸中地标,而且误将炸弹错误地投到隔壁再隔壁的那个区域去了,恰巧,那个区里有一艘海军的船只差点被炸中,所以他大哥因此受了处分。他又说,据他大哥讲,出现这件事的主要是原因是因为作为轰炸靶区的那处海边滩涂的地形,由于被海水冲刷的每年都在变,在轰炸前负责瞄准的轰炸导航员利用飞行图怎么也无法确定要轰炸的目标,所以一忧郁,才出现误炸的情况。



  根据我多年的工作经历,他说的这些情况我遇到过,因为我也经常在工作中遇到军用地图上的地形地物每年都随着国家的建设而随时改变的情况,但我在分析这件事时却以外获取到一件惊人的秘密:这就是----上世纪70年代我国空军装备的重要核反击运载工具?120多架轰-6型战略轰炸机上居然没有配备现代化的导航仪!所以还要结合地图和信标机罗盘等这种上世纪30年代的方法去去寻找和推断所要轰炸的目标。报刊、广播上多次宣扬我军第一批女飞行员武秀梅的事迹也印证了这件事:说武秀梅如何经常“手把手的”教其他飞行员根据地物特征识别地标等,干好领航工作等等。所以,我终于明白空军之所以在1979年怯战,原来是中国的所有作战飞机当时全都没有安装这么一个极为普通的小装置----惯性导航仪。





  是什么原因造成了这样的事实?也许网友们都清楚了,除了“十年浩劫”,还有落后过时的军事思想、僵化的经验主义以及重政治不重技术的口头革命化,中国的军事机器终于吞下了自己酿成的苦酒。



  本未倒置的安全规则



  上世纪90年代前期,当我和朋友们听到中国和俄罗斯签定协议,决定引进当时世界上最先进的苏?27型战斗机的时候,我和所有其他中国人一样,兴奋之情溢于言表,“眼镜蛇机动”在我们的心目中多年以来都是一个巨大奇迹。我们天真地认为这下我们的空军终于可以打翻身仗了。有了这样的好飞机,在这个世界上我们还怕谁呀?后来又听说我国还花了相当于建国以来对航空工业投资总合的资金,引进了苏?27的整条生产线,让我国的航空制造水平也上了一个新台阶,我们大家一起议论,认为解放台湾终于不是太远遥远了。



  然而,没过几年,不好的消息就接幢而至。首先,我得知,空军在取得这种飞机后,把它们当“金鱼”养起来了;又听说:空军领导层严格禁止苏?27部队进行高难度的格斗训练,只叫这种飞机作四平八稳的远距离转场训练,而在1996年台海情势出现紧张时,这种飞机也仅是从广西北部湾附近的机场起飞,以四机编队的方式在11000米高度,800公里的时速转了几圈后就回去了,这些飞机近年在台湾海峡转了这么多趟,都是固定航路,偶而玩一下用雷达“锁定”之类的功夫,然后就向后转“拜拜”了。据台湾军方的报道:大陆引进苏?27和苏-30飞机后,起初他们很紧张,对这两支部队进行了严密监控,可是过了许多年,发现这种飞机飞的最多的训练项目就是转场,他们根本就没发现这个部队进行过什么有价值的空战训练,更别说是高难度训练了。我的战友和同事也说,在他们看到苏?27飞机的时候,都是飞得象民航机一样:慢慢的,稳稳的等等。我们看到解放军在台海军事演习时,苏?27也只是表演了一种超低空投掷集束炸弹这种平时由“强-5”来完成的任务,但我们这些有军事知识的网友都知道,这种飞机是典型的空中优势战斗机,不是干这种活儿的,所以,出现这个镜头也只能说明是空军在“作秀”。



  到90年代末期,我们终于看到了苏?27的座仓照片,刹那间都惊呆了:怎么没有象西方二、三代飞机那样的液晶显示屏和高精度地图显示惯性导航仪?怎么没有空情显示系统?怎么座仓中仅有的一个雷达显示屏,旁边的几个按键显示这个雷达只有有限的几种功能,其余全都是中国人熟悉的航空仪表。这样的座仓技术水平甚至与比它落后30多年的歼?8Ⅱ的座仓也先进不到那儿去嘛,能算是第三代作战飞机吗?你看,那个显示不出目标准确位置的全向雷达告警装置,老式的电子干扰开关和大量的手控开关,显示这种飞机的电子技术水平要低于欧、美80年代作战飞机的水平很多年,我们认为这明明是一种装了第二代飞机仪表的第三代作战飞机,根本没有网友们过去大肆吹嘘的能全天候对各种目标进行精确打击的能力,特别是在致“电磁权”越演越烈的今天,怪不得世界上越来越多的人现在逐渐认识到苏?27只是信息时代的“刀马旦”,意思就是他除了会玩“眼镜蛇”机动等杂技动作外,其它的作用不大。这也说明台湾空军为什么越来越放胆的不把我们的苏?27放在眼里是有道理的。



  这种事情还没有完,后来听说,安徽芜湖的苏?30出了事故,一个团长和一个射击主任在训练中不遵守规定,擅自玩起高难度动作,导致了飞机空中解体,两名王牌飞行员牺牲的严重后果。在随后听到的消息称,俄罗斯专家判读了失事飞机的“黑匣子”,认为事故的主要原因是飞行员在训练中将“过载”拉得超出“极限”所致等等。这起事故还造成了部队领导记大过撤职处分,还造成了军委空军司令、政委向中央军委写检查,受到了到退休年龄立即退休这样的处罚。



  最近,中央电视台在黄金时间播出了电视剧《蓝天铸剑》,透露了许多内情,证实了我们在前些年听到的谣传基本都属实。这部电视剧充分暴露了空军部分领导以抓安全为名严重干扰了部队训练水平提高这个事实。我清楚地记得,自70年代末以来,空军年年宣扬飞行“万时率”世界领先,限制或取消部队进行难度很大的复杂科目训练,使飞行部队得到了一种“安全就是全部”的印象。许多训练有成效的飞行师领导,可能仅仅因为在他统辖的部队出现出现一个事故,不管原因是什么,都有可能丢掉了升职的途径。而弄虚作假,在训练中搞“豆腐渣”工程的人反而很可能获得升迁,在这种大气候下,我认为《蓝天铸剑》电视剧中的男主人公,在空军这个土壤中是很难生存的。我们国家的空军是世界上唯一一个在整个80年代连续十年取得飞行安全万时率世界“第一”的国家。这样做的后果,就造成了空军上行下效,竟相以降低训练标准作为获取安全的唯一标准。而同样在这十年,世界的另一个空军大国美国,每年在训练中和工作中都要摔掉160架以上的飞机,其中有绝大部分是世界上最先进的F-15、F-16和F-14战机,难道他们是吃饱撑的?他们是为了在与敌人空战中取得一个大的击毁率!这个,请看看这些年他们的战果就知道了。



  在这里,我要反问一句:我们国家每年花三分之一的军费养这么一个空军是干什么?是要它去打仗,还是要他年年去评安全世界第一?说远一点,在上世纪50年代,空军在国土防空作战中,为了打落能在夜间连续流窜9个省之远的蒋军侦察机,费劲心机,想了一切办法,如用土办法改装重型轰炸机为大型夜间截击机,用轰-5夜间投照明弹等等把一切常规办法都想尽的力气来截击入侵敌机,说明我们当时的空军领导多么重视群众的练兵运动,保护群众的练兵热情。我在这里想讲的是:如果《蓝天铸剑》电视剧反映的剧情属实的话,那么空军当年对芜湖苏-30坠毁的处理,就值得商榷,因为他们很可能将不安于当“金鱼”现状的两名空军新时期的练兵英雄说成了是违犯纪律,不但没有及时大加宣扬,还对全空军部队在今后若干年的练兵积极性造成了严重打击!(学习雷峰的起因不就是源于一起事故吗?)对这件事的处理结果就是造成了全国空军作战训练质量的整体下滑,对外造成了美国军方和台独分子对我们的蔑视,使我国这些年来不断蒙受他们的羞辱和在“炸馆”、“撞机”事件中不断的被动!



  当然,飞行事故影响训练这些事是有一个过程的。我在上世纪80年代初,曾在某空军杂志上读到一篇事故调查报告,说的是驻守华南的空军某强击机团,开展百米超低空远程奔袭训练,结果发生了机毁人亡的惨剧。事故的起因,是该团参谋人员在制订飞行计划时忽略了沿训练路线先飞一遍,实地勘察有没有出现超低空飞行训练在军用地图上所没有标出的障碍物,该团领导在审批时也没有问清楚就签字报批了,结果当强-5飞机编队在沿山谷高速飞行时,一架飞机的尾舵挂到近年来新建的高压线上,造成飞机坠毁。本来这件事的责任清清楚楚,该谁负的责谁负就行了,可是一上纲上线,就不得了了,我这个关心空军动向的人,从此在十几年中再也没听说有哪个空军部队开展过这种高难度训练。如果我说的都属实,那么就惨了,一个事故扼杀了整个强击机部队的战斗力,而战斗力正是我们大家追求的最后结果!



  高科技练兵汇报表演出现荒唐事



  2000年左右,海空军在东海海域举行名为“高科技练兵成果汇报演习”,向中央领导汇报表演他们这一年在科技练兵中取得的成果。演习的第一个科目是轰炸机对水面舰船进行轰炸:只见海面上空500米左右的高度飞来了三架轰?6型轰炸机,它们排成“品”字轰炸队形,以500公里左右的速度,小心翼翼地接近靶船,然后密集地投下了数十枚空炸炸弹,炸弹整齐地朝靶船降落,然后在距靶船20米的上空整齐地依次爆炸,爆炸产生的水柱和烟雾激起了在指挥船上参观人群的热烈掌声和欢呼声,但我们这些懂军事的观众却呆若木鸡!我第一个想法是:这些空军领导好大胆!他们把中央领导当猴耍!要知道今天举行的是高科技练兵汇报表演,而低空慢速水平目视轰炸这种科目是英国人在上世纪30年代末创造的,日本人在40年代偷袭珍珠港时为了避免被军舰火力的威胁已经把它改进为高空水平轰炸和超低空轰炸,而我们空军表演的这种轰炸方式在战时是绝对派不上用场的,这种战法充其量是用50年代的飞机表演30年代的战法,跟“高科技”根本不沾边。我还在纳闷:中央领导不都是高学历吗?他们会看不懂这样的弄虚作假?如果看得懂,又不讲,这才是最可怕的,如果我们的领导层整个都养成这种习惯,台湾恐怕是再也拿不回来了。



  好戏还在后面:一架直九舰载直升机,在距离指挥舰不到100米处投下一颗“音响制导”反潜鱼雷,过一会,指挥员报告,说是鱼雷准确地击中了水下目标。他的报告,又引起一阵热烈掌声。懂军事的人都知道,这种鱼雷是靠在水中寻找敌人潜艇的响声来追踪和炸毁敌舰的,你把它扔在指挥舰的附近,指挥舰和负责保卫的军舰群的响声这么大,早已覆盖了敌潜艇的噪声,这样的表演不是“作秀”又是什么?如果高科技练兵的最高规格表演都能以这种水平出现的话,美国和台湾有什么理由要怕你?



  而在演习中,我们国家最需要的“撒手锏”战法却没出现。如果我们在表演中能够以一个整团国产新型战斗轰炸机在海平面高度以超音速方式演练对航母编队的远程奔袭,并对航母战斗群实施导弹的“饱和”攻击,另外再表演一个在“舰队防空火力圈外”对军舰目标实行精确打击,这样的震撼场面绝对会让美军和台军都胆战心惊。我们在军事上的无能直接造成了后面出现的情况大家现在都在无奈的忍受:台独分子一遍遍的踏过底线向我挑衅,美国一遍遍地把航母开到中国附近,声称他们一定会保卫台湾,就这样,老一辈革命家率人民军队打出的威风在今天以这样方式出现的实力对决中受到了无情的嘲弄

so, the main idea is chinese air force have too much "show" style training, that only look at "safety" instead of skill.
 

bd popeye

The Last Jedi
VIP Professional
Many of us do not read Chinese in any form. So could some one research this article and post a short translation. I'm very intreseted in how the PLA trains all it's forces. Thank you.
 

MIGleader

Banned Idiot
Thats interesting. The first paragrah talks about the 1979 war with vietnam and the PLA gorund fighting. I dont see how this relates any where to problems of the PLAAF.

The second talks about a guy named gao ping, and fighting vietnamese armoured divisions. ???
 

The_Zergling

Junior Member
Seeing as I've got some spare time to burn right now, I'll take a shot at it. At least it's good practice. My own commentary is in bold, I just couldn't resist. The grammar will be weird in some places because I don't have the time to turn this into a Pulitzer deserving article, I'm just saying what it says.

Let's see... it opens up describing events on March 27 1979, after the sound of artillery (?), the anger towards the Tyrannical Vietnam that has been simmering in the people of the whole country has finally erupted.

(I had some problems translating this area. Apparently Vietnam deserves to be punished for something, there were a few simplified characters I couldn't read.)

Under the cover of intense fire, several battalions of infantry that had not yet been mechanized, along with a small number of tanks, head towards the country that had previously defeated the American Invaders, towards the 3rd strongest military force in the world, Vietnam.

(Third strongest?! WTF was the guy smoking)

...continued. Um... I'm a little lost. Something about them (not sure who "them" is) not caring about thousands of troops, and because of this every single drop of Chinese blood... okay, I give up on this section. Basically, after this the guy says, "Charge! Charge! Stepping over the bodies of their fallen comrades, every single Chinese soldier has some kind of inspiring expression on his face... something about carrying the hopes of their motherland on their backs... I'm trying not to laugh. No offense, but this writing style is hilarious, I just can't help it.

Anyway, he goes on to describe "a critial moment in the Gaoping(?) campaign", talking about the actions of some armored advances... anyway, the next section doesn't have anything to do with the PLAAF either. It's more of a over the top drama glorifying Chinese war actions. The author goes like, "Bang! The Regimental commander's tank is hit! The commander has been killed! Bang! The tank of the Political Commissar has been hit! The Political Commisair has been killed!"

It's amusing.

Basically the rest of the section talks about how Chinese forces kicked the asses of the Vietnamese.

However, after a lot of rambling the guy finally gets to the point. Starting here...

而 在 这 段 时 间 , 我 们 的 空 军 在 干 着 什 么 ?

And during all this time, WTF was our Air Force doing? Please listen while a English reporter describes what he saw at an Air Force Base (Not sure how to translate the name of the base), it was parked full with nearly 200 advanced (I snickered) MiG-21 fighters, proving the strength of the PLAAF.

Here is a classic incident to prove the point. (Huh?) At a crucial point of battle, in order to intercept 12 Vietnamese aircraft, our country used the "use a cow-killing knife to kill a chicken" tactic (I'd guess basically it means : overkill) and launched hundreds of fighters in response, scaring the Vietnamese shitless.

Basically the end of this paragraph states, "It's best that we both don't use our respective Air Forces, or you'll regret it! China is the best in the world."

Yeah. I snickered here too. The PLAAF was definitely NOT the strongest Air Force in the world at the time. But I digress. It's entertaining reading. Back to what the guy says.

But the story doesn't end here. In the following 2 years of war, Vietnam often would send their (only?) 2 MiG-21s for recon purposes. Our Air Force intercepted them multiple times unsuccesfully, the only time we succesfully caught them, one of our pilots succesfully got into a good position, and fired 2 indigenious missiles at the MiG-21s... and somehow, missed.

After this (disastrous?) incident, command was shaken, and decided to conduct an investigation to see why the Vietnamese fighter could evade the missile, and nothing was found. Both sides shirked responsibility, and nothing came out of it.

Hmm. The missile missed, how astonishing. Could it have been maybe because missiles aren't 100% fail proof? GEE, A REVELATION! And back to the article.

Why is this? Afterwards we learned that the Vietnamese rarely used airplanes, because central command (?) wanted to limit the scale of the war... and our side complied. This kind of explanation is unsatisfactory to those of us who were lucky enough (WTF) to be blessed with the cultural revolution.

*Snip unimportant stuff*

For one thing, Vietnam and Thailand both used aircraft in conflict, especially Thailand, every single time they'd use aircraft to cover helicopters that were partaking in strike missions over Vietnam, for the purpose of decreasing casualties and increasing enemy casualties, efficiency max.

The scale of war has always been decided by politicians, I never heard of something as absurd as limiting the use of aircraft to limit the scale of war.

Okay. At least the last sentence made sense.

Even when China was just growing and had a fledgling Air Force, it already sent fighters to Korea to fight the "不 可 一 世" American Air Force, and made a big impact. (I assume the writer believes the PLAAF kicked the asses of the Americans.)

Also afterwards, in order to help the efforts of the People's Liberatio Army, Chairman Mao decided to shell Kinmen, attracting the attention of six American Carrier Battle Groups to the vicinity, and succesfully liberated Jiangshan island... um... I'm a little lost... next sentence starts out, "Proving that the Air Force is the highest maintenance item in our military, in our conquest of Vietnam our glorious ground troops suffered so much, if our Air Force was so powerful why didn't we use it?

Not much to say regarding this paragraph.

After painstaking research, I came to a logical explanation, explaining the mystery of the PLAAF. In the 80s, I came across a aviation magazine and saw an article describing Pakistan using Chinese fighters...

*snip*

After Pakistan received Chinese produced J-6s in the 60s, they realized that a commonplace item as a "navigation system" wasn't installed, Pakistan needed American, UK help to install 13 important components onto their aircraft, upgrading them until they were as powerful as second generation MiG-21s and J-7s.

In the following India/Pakistan air wars, Pakistani aviators were able to emerge victorious even in 1 to 2 outnumbered situations, and India whined about it, requesting MiG-19s that hadn't been produced for years...

After reading this article, I sank deep into thought. Our fighters didn't have navigation systems installed? How would this device help combat in the skies? If it is so useful, why didn't our country's fighters have them? I think our Air Force is world famous, with many aviation and navigation heroes, how could they overlook such an important item? I think it was impossible. In order to solve this mystery I had to take a closer look. For many years, our country doesn't talk about important defects, and oftentimes needs to greatly exaggerate results.
*snip*
I went to take a closer look the aircraft, I often would sit in the pilot's seats, and would talk to the pilots getting vital first hand information regarding many aircraft systems.

What is the importance of "惯性导航仪"? According to research results, I have learned that its main role is to tell the pilot where he is on the planet... (basically, something like GPS.)

WTF. The dude had to investigate what GPS was good for?!

After investigation, I was disheartened by the lack of this important equipment on our aircraft, and after compiling opinions and statements from pilots regarding experiences in Korea without this (I'll call it GPS from now on) how did they complete their missions. At least it was simple, and I quickly understood.

For all these years our country has been depending on 1) Compasses, 2) “塔康”(即信标机)dunno what this is 3) maps 4) experience. Basically he explains how pilots got by without GPS. Obviously there are cons.

First off, the margin of error using this method is larger. In training, our pilots can figure out where they are by looking at rivers, cities, distinct landmarks, if they get lost they can quickly find their way after talking to GCI. But over a place like Vietnam which has enedless forests and overlapping areas, it's much harder. And so, our pilots had a hard time hitting the enemies hiding in the forests, in fact running the risk of friendly fire.

The guy's finally making sense. I'm impressed.

Continuing...

Why did the USA use special forces to recon various enemy positions? It was so that once they discovered Vietnamese soldiers, after communication and calculations they could figure out precise GPS coordinates and send it to the Air Force, and the Air Force could effortlessly destroy enemies without seeing them. Of course, a condition that must be met is that all American fighters must have this highly accurate GPS.

Our fighters in 1979 against Vietnam didn't have this kind of equipment, and it was nearly impossible to conduct effective operations over a unfamiliar land like Vietnam. They'd have to first 1) Recon 2) Measure 3) Make a plan 4) Practice repeatedly 5) Do it. Hell, by th time the Air Force gets the job done the war would probably already be over.
 
Well. He's got some humor.

Basically the next section is mostly about the lack of GPS.


Okay, I've got to rest now. I'll get to section 2 later, if nobody else decides to take it on. Seriously, native Simplified Chinese readers would be better suited to this task.

Next section : 本未倒置的安全规则
 

petty officer1

Junior Member
you have to keep reading Mr. MiGleader. The main point is at almost the end of the article...:) and sorry popeye, I will try my best(worst Chinese in here) to translate. If I translate some wrong, please tell me(Other chinese speaker)

At first it said how badly PLAAF have done in sino-vietnam war, PLAAF did little to support the army.

The most important is the last part about how at some of PLA excersie, PLAAF performed poorly on opertaion because many factors as equipment and training doctrine.

well... I guess Mr. Zergling translate this alot better.
 

The_Zergling

Junior Member
Hey, don't look at me, I'm only fluent in Traditional Chinese. Seriously, ask our Chinese forum members, I was just trying to help out in my above post but it seriously deflated me, reading Simplified Chinese is still pretty tiring for me.
 

Wingman

Junior Member
本未倒置的安全规则
Backward safety rules?

  上世纪90年代前期,当我和朋友们听到中国和俄罗斯签定协议,决定引进当时世界上最先进的苏?27型战 斗机的时候,我和所有其他中国人一样,兴奋之情溢于言表,“眼镜蛇机动”在我们的心目中多年以来都是一个巨 大奇迹。我们天真地认为这下我们的空军终于可以打翻身仗了。有了这样的好飞机,在这个世界上我们还怕谁呀? 后来又听说我国还花了相当于建国以来对航空工业投资总合的资金,引进了苏?27的整条生产线,让我国的航空 制造水平也上了一个新台阶,我们大家一起议论,认为解放台湾终于不是太远遥远了。

Before 1990s, we heard we got some Su-27s, the most advanced fighter in the world (yeah right), we were all very excited. We thought its cobra manoeuvre was amazing. We thought, this time, our airforce has finally gotten strong, nobody can touch us. Then we started manufacturing our own Su-27 (J-11), allowing our aircraft production level to moved forward one step, we thought it's not long before we regain Taiwan

  然而,没过几年,不好的消息就接幢而至。首先,我得知,空军在取得这种飞机后,把它们当“金鱼”养起来 了;又听说:空军领导层严格禁止苏?27部队进行高难度的格斗训练,只叫这种飞机作四平八稳的远距离转场训 练,而在1996年台海情势出现紧张时,这种飞机也仅是从广西北部湾附近的机场起飞,以四机编队的方式在1 1000米高度,800公里的时速转了几圈后就回去了,这些飞机近年在台湾海峡转了这么多趟,都是固定航路 ,偶而玩一下用雷达“锁定”之类的功夫,然后就向后转“拜拜”了。据台湾军方的报道:大陆引进苏?27和苏 -30飞机后,起初他们很紧张,对这两支部队进行了严密监控,可是过了许多年,发现这种飞机飞的最多的训练项 目就是转场,他们根本就没发现这个部队进行过什么有价值的空战训练,更别说是高难度训练了。我的战友和同事 也说,在他们看到苏?27飞机的时候,都是飞得象民航机一样:慢慢的,稳稳的等等。我们看到解放军在台海军 事演习时,苏?27也只是表演了一种超低空投掷集束炸弹这种平时由“强-5”来完成的任务,但我们这些有军事知识的网友都知道,这种飞机是典型的空中优势战斗机,不是干这种活儿的 ,所以,出现这个镜头也只能说明是空军在“作秀”。

But soon after we heard bad news. PLAAF was raising the Sukhois like goldfish :rofl: and we also heard central command prohibited high skill air combat training, all they did was organised long range relocation training. :nana: And during the 1996 cross-straight tensions, all the Su-27s did was take off, fourship, from Guangxi airbase, levelled to 11000m at 800km/h and flew in circles then went home :rofl: This year they flew at Taiwan Straight many times, in fixed routes, the most they did was play with their radars, locking on to stuff, then bug out. At first Taiwan military report stated China got Su-27s and -30s and Taiwan was scared shitless, so they did some serious investigation. But after many years all they've seen is airbase relocation training. There is no worthwhile combat training, not to mention advanced training. My friends and coworkers from the military said whenever they see Su-27 they fly like commercial airlines, slow and steady. When we see PLAAF rehearsing Taiwan invasion at Taiwan Straight, the Su-27s only displayed some low altitude bombing techniques, which the Q-5 would've done anyway. Su-27 is supposed to be used for air superiority role, it seems PLAAF just want to use them for show

  到90年代末期,我们终于看到了苏?27的座仓照片,刹那间都惊呆了:怎么没有象西方二、三代飞机那样 的液晶显示屏和高精度地图显示惯性导航仪?怎么没有空情显示系统?怎么座仓中仅有的一个雷达显示屏,旁边的 几个按键显示这个雷达只有有限的几种功能,其余全都是中国人熟悉的航空仪表。这样的座仓技术水平甚至与比它 落后30多年的歼?8Ⅱ的座仓也先进不到那儿去嘛,能算是第三代作战飞机吗?你看,那个显示不出目标准确位 置的全向雷达告警装置,老式的电子干扰开关和大量的手控开关,显示这种飞机的电子技术水平要低于欧、美80 年代作战飞机的水平很多年,我们认为这明明是一种装了第二代飞机仪表的第三代作战飞机,根本没有网友们过去 大肆吹嘘的能全天候对各种目标进行精确打击的能力,特别是在致“电磁权”越演越烈的今天,怪不得世界上越来 越多的人现在逐渐认识到苏?27只是信息时代的“刀马旦”,意思就是他除了会玩“眼镜蛇”机动等杂技动作外 ,其它的作用不大。这也说明台湾空军为什么越来越放胆的不把我们的苏?27放在眼里是有道理的 。

In late 1990s, we finally saw Su-27's cockpit. We were surprised, it has none of the MFD and navigation systems that Western 2/3 generation fighters have. It has no HSD. It only has a radar display, everything else are steam gauges. It's not much better than the 30-year behind J-8II's cockpit, is it really a 3rd gen fighter? The RWR is not precise (it only displays in 20 deg increments, can't display radar threats past 90 degrees), old electronics, cumbersome switches, it's worse than 80s Euro/American avionics. We think this is more of a 2nd gen aircraft pretending to be a 3rd gen. It has no all weather precision attack capability like our internet friends boasted before, especially not in the electronic age of today, no wonder people of the world think Su-27 is only the “刀马旦” (I think that's a movie), of the information age, which means, other than the cobra manoeuvre (which is only good for show), it's not very useful. This explains why the Taiwanese became increasingly bold, looking down on our Su-27s

  这种事情还没有完,后来听说,安徽芜湖的苏?30出了事故,一个团长和一个射击主任在训练中不遵守规定 ,擅自玩起高难度动作,导致了飞机空中解体,两名王牌飞行员牺牲的严重后果。在随后听到的消息称,俄罗斯专 家判读了失事飞机的“黑匣子”,认为事故的主要原因是飞行员在训练中将“过载”拉得超出“极限”所致等等。 这起事故还造成了部队领导记大过撤职处分,还造成了军委空军司令、政委向中央军委写检查,受到了到退休年龄 立即退休这样的处罚。

That's not all. We then heard Su-30 had some accidents. A 团长 (rank) and his WSO ignored safety rules, started doing crazy manoeuvres, then the plane broke and crashed and the two skilled pilots suffered heavy consequences. Russian investigators, after examining the black box, said they were pulling too many G's, past the plane's limit. This incident also resulted in the squadron commander leaving office, resulted in an air force commander writing a report to central command and then retired (I think)

 最近,中央电视台在黄金时间播出了电视剧《蓝天铸剑》,透露了许多内情,证实了我们在前些年听到的谣传 基本都属实。这部电视剧充分暴露了空军部分领导以抓安全为名严重干扰了部队训练水平提高这个事实。我清楚地 记得,自70年代末以来,空军年年宣扬飞行“万时率”世界领先,限制或取消部队进行难度很大的复杂科目训练 ,使飞行部队得到了一种“安全就是全部”的印象。许多训练有成效的飞行师领导,可能仅仅因为在他统辖的部队 出现出现一个事故,不管原因是什么,都有可能丢掉了升职的途径。而弄虚作假,在训练中搞“豆腐渣”工程的人 反而很可能获得升迁,在这种大气候下,我认为《蓝天铸剑》电视剧中的男主人公,在空军这个土壤中是很难生存 的。我们国家的空军是世界上唯一一个在整个80年代连续十年取得飞行安全万时率世界“第一”的国家。这样做 的后果,就造成了空军上行下效,竟相以降低训练标准作为获取安全的唯一标准。而同样在这十年,世界的另一个 空军大国美国,每年在训练中和工作中都要摔掉160架以上的飞机,其中有绝大部分是世界上最先 进的F-15、F-16和F-14战机,难道他们是吃饱撑的?他们是为了在与敌人空战中取得一个大的击毁率!这个,请看看这些年他们的战 果就知道了。

Recently, CCTV made a new TV series called "Blue Sky Cast Sword," revelaed many inside stories which confirmed our previous beliefs. It fully exposed the truth of how central air command, for the sake of safety, prevented the skill improvement of our pilots. I remember since the late 70s, PLAAF makes propagandas about how they want to be a long lasting world leading air force, they restricted or cancelled complex military trainings, and gave the PLAAF a "safety is everything" impression. Many training exerciese are led by successful flight instructors, but they get demoted if there are accidents. Ironically, the flight instructors who trains like tofu (go easy?) are the ones to get promoted. I think pilots like the main actor of "Blue Sky Cast Sword" cannot have an easy time in PLAAF. Our air force is the only airforce in the world to practice nothing but safety since the 80s and hold a timeless record of "first place" in safety. At this rate our airforce is only a paper tiger, putting safety above everything else. In the same 10 years the USAF loses over 160 planes per year (wha? Did I read this right?) doing training and work, and most of them are advanced F-15, -16, -14s, you think all they do is eat and sleep? They train hard for high efficiency, look at their results and you see

  在这里,我要反问一句:我们国家每年花三分之一的军费养这么一个空军是干什么?是要它去打仗,还是要他 年年去评安全世界第一?说远一点,在上世纪50年代,空军在国土防空作战中,为了打落能在夜间连续流窜9个 省之远的蒋军侦察机,费劲心机,想了一切办法,如用土办法改装重型轰炸机为大型夜间截击机,用 轰-5夜间投照明弹等等把一切常规办法都想尽的力气来截击入侵敌机,说明我们当时的空军领导多么重视群众的练兵 运动,保护群众的练兵热情。我在这里想讲的是:如果《蓝天铸剑》电视剧反映的剧情属实的话,那么空军当年对 芜湖苏-30坠毁的处理,就值得商榷,因为他们很可能将不安于当“金鱼”现状的两名空军新时期的练兵英雄说成了是违 犯纪律,不但没有及时大加宣扬,还对全空军部队在今后若干年的练兵积极性造成了严重打击!(学习雷峰的起因 不就是源于一起事故吗?)对这件事的处理结果就是造成了全国空军作战训练质量的整体下滑,对外造成了美国军 方和台独分子对我们的蔑视,使我国这些年来不断蒙受他们的羞辱和在“炸馆”、“撞机”事件中不 断的被动!

Here, we should ask: why our country spend 1/3 of its military budget for this crappy air force? To fight wars or to become the world's safest air force? :rofl: With this in mind, in the 50's when air force is fighting on our soil, in order to intercept a night spy plane capable of continuously flying over 9 provinces, we tried everything to stop it. For example we used a ghetto method and re-equipped a H-5 bomber to become a night interceptor, using H-5's night flares to detect the spy plane, etc. Our air force at that time was much better. If "Blue Sky Cast Sword" really reflects our air force then the management of the Su-30 accident at Wuhu is worth questioning, because not only do they treat their planes like goldfish, but also made the two trainees, who had high potential, look like rule breakers. Not only did they not tell the truth, but it's also a serious damage to morale. Accidents are bound to happen if you want to train a cutting edge air force. This incident's result is our airforce going downhill, allowing US and Taiwan disrupt us

  当然,飞行事故影响训练这些事是有一个过程的。我在上世纪80年代初,曾在某空军杂志上读到一篇事故调 查报告,说的是驻守华南的空军某强击机团,开展百米超低空远程奔袭训练,结果发生了机毁人亡的惨剧。事故的 起因,是该团参谋人员在制订飞行计划时忽略了沿训练路线先飞一遍,实地勘察有没有出现超低空飞行训练在军用 地图上所没有标出的障碍物,该团领导在审批时也没有问清楚就签字报批了,结果当强-5飞机编队在沿山谷高速飞行时,一架飞机的尾舵挂到近年来新建的高压线上,造成飞机坠毁。本来这件事的责任 清清楚楚,该谁负的责谁负就行了,可是一上纲上线,就不得了了,我这个关心空军动向的人,从此在十几年中再 也没听说有哪个空军部队开展过这种高难度训练。如果我说的都属实,那么就惨了,一个事故扼杀了整个强击机部 队的战斗力,而战斗力正是我们大家追求的最后结果!

Of course, there's a process involving air accidents affecting training. In an air force magazine I've read in early 80's, there's a story about an attack aircraft flight, doing long range low altitude training and ending up in a fatal accident. The cause is because flight planners didn't re-check the flight plan and they missed an obstacle not present on the map, and didn't get the flight plan approved, the result is the Q-5's tail clipped a newly built power line and blew up. It's clear who's responsible for this accident, all they have to do is admit their mistake. But who would've thought, after this incident, we never saw this kind of training again! If our speculation is correct, then that's horrible. A mere accident lowered the combat effectiveness of the entire squadron, but combat is inevitably what attack squadrons do


Eyes are tired. I'll translate more later if nobody else does it yet.
 
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