@Jura
1) it’s a Glock.
2) any number of factors can come into play. Narcotics included.
The Human body is very resilient on its own. Evolution of the mammal form has resulted in a organism that is able to absorb a significant amount of damage and still remain living. See any survivors of forced amputation in combat or in automobile accident as an example.
As such there are only three ways to actually kill a human.
The first is to produce significant blood loss. A weapon like a knife or small arms like a pistol can do this but it’s rather inefficient. This method can take time. Even an individual shot in a major organ like the heart can take a while to die.
The amount of trauma needed to induce death is fairly significant and the cause in this form is blood pressure loss. The Human body is designed to try and prevent loss of that pressure. As such it could take hours before the officer having been stabbed or attacker having been shot losses enough blood pressure to die. Unless a major artery has been damaged it could take hours even days. Even if one is hit it could take minutes to hours.
The second is to produce damage to the central nervous system. This is SIGNIFICANTLY more complicated. Think of the nervous system as a computer the brain is the mother board. The CPU is the brain stem it’s the most important portion of the brain any you can loos everything else and remain living <although not able to do anything> but that part is critical to life.
Shutting that down could be done in two manors first is to cause enough pain that you overload the system. That is however almost impossible. You need a huge event, people have been struck by lightning which is a massive electrical attack to the central nervous system and lived long lives afterward. The other way is to break the CPU. Attack the brain stem directly. With small arms like a pistol it takes a marksman and even then evolution has armored it. The skull and spine. And a 9mm or 10mm round commonly used by law enforcement or military often are not accurate enough or powerful enough to get past the skull from the front without being redirected.
Third is Toxic shock where in the body is loaded down with chemicals it is unable to deal with. This obviously has almost no baring here. It can occur from being shot if the wound becomes infected and is left untreated but that is a long slow painful way to die.
Now we go the the case in point a police officer finds himself being attacked by a knife wielding attacker. He shoots the suspect center of mass.
When a Cop or military is engaged by an attacker adrenaline red lines.
They might be the best shot on the range but in combat adrenaline is a narcotic of its own produced by the Human body. It can rob you of precision because it changes how you see the world. Tunnel vision.
It also changes how you react by increasing muscle impulse. Rather than a clean break of the trigger you rip it back. Your heart rate is peaked to. And time and perception are altered cops in this have sometimes been found to thing they fired once or twice and discovered they had in fact emptied the magazine, and hit nothing.
On the other side of that the knife attacker is also amped up on adrenaline as well as the potential to be riding high on other narcotics. They don’t feel pain the way they should. There perceptions are also altered and a miss or a “warning shot” can be taken as impotence. Encouragement to continue attacking.
Both sides of this are why “warning shots” are a total waste of ammunition.
In this situation whether a Active shooter, a suicide bomber, a knife wielding man on a college campus or a knife wielding woman trying to force her way across a checkpoint. If they are in the mind to attack it can take a lot to put them down. A taser may not be enough and lethal force can take a while to kick in.