This NPzK-140 was planed under the combat effectiveness upgrade III for the Leo2 A5/A6, meant to improve penetrating power of the gun against the most modern sowjet/russian armor. That would have brought an autoloder, too.
It was abandoned in the mid '90s.
Back then the 140mm or the 120mm/L55 were probably only seen as interim solutions. Other concepts were researched like electrothermal-chemical propuslion (ETC).
I don't know if that's still pursued.
Does anyone know of chinese studies in the field of new propallant concepts?
Those new concepts could keep the calibers at current levels while achieving the energy of bigger ones.
I see some problems with those bigger calibers, mostly because it will reduce the number of rounds that can be carried. Is the bigger punch worth the lower number?
Well, perhaps if you have an overall big number of tanks on the battlefield anyway.