I don't see how this vague and tenuous benefit of occasionally training with foreign navies can have a significant enough effect on the overall quality of a navy to overcome hardware inferiority. The PLAN also routinely trains with foreign navies, so either way this point is totally moot.
I'm not sure what principle you are referring to. We are talking about experience with carriers translating into proficiency with carriers, which does not translate into proficiency with destroyers, subs, or minesweepers or any other vessel.
Experience operating carrier strike groups, handling aircraft, honing one's carrier flight tempo, and the countless technicalities involved in maintaining a functioning carrier is of enormous benefit to a navy that wishes to possess some form of projecting power. By drawing on previous battle experiences and/or hard-learnt lessons through training, the Indian Navy could potentially offset whatever technological advantage the Chinese have (which
isn't significant given Russia's support to India). There is also talk of India purchasing F-35s, but that would be detracting from our conversation regarding training and experience (rather than technical capability).
There's a difference between a Harrier and MiG-29. The same sailors that learned the skills in the Harrier can not be translated easily to the MiG-29. It's a whole new set of skills that have to be learn again. As a result the Indian sailors so called experiences with the Harriers doesn't make them superior to the Liaoning's sailors working with the J-15s does it? As a matter of fact the Indians are still learning to handle their MiG-29s just as the PLAN are doing with their J-15.
Of course there is a difference between differing aircraft; that was not the point of my argument. The experience with aircraft handling (on deck, etc.), carrier turnaround times, flightops tempo, integration with the rest of the CBG, will
does not become obsolete with the induction of aircraft (even more so given that both the Viraat and Liaoning are STOBAR vessels). Adapting to a new fighter plane is simply a matter of training and instruction. Knowing the tricks of the trade pertaining to carrier operations is a different story, and one in which the IN has a clear head start.