Russian (and Ukrainian) help, both direct and indirect, have been critical in China's carrier program development, i.e. Varyag, T-10K-3. In fact, their help has also been instrumental in China's overall naval development. They're reflected in the acquisitions of Sovremenny destroyers, Kilo conventional submarines, Zubr LCAC and critical subsystems such as GT-25000 gas turbine, various radar systems, missiles and CIWS etc. They not only filled some critical needs at the time, but also influence the future development of the respective indigenous naval programs.
Without Russia help and input, China's naval program development would have been significantly delayed.
To be sure, China has had her long-term strategy and planning for the navy. As early as in 1980's, China had already had its first training and graduating class for carrier captains. It had been studying carrier design, construction and operations for a long time. It is this vision, studies and programs that had driven and strung together these acquisitions and developments, aided by the booming economy and the vast, fast-developing industrial base including the ship-building industry, into a coherent and successful program.
The latter is what differentiates Chinese from Indian carrier developments. India has all the access to foreign technologies and more.