On the topic of RCEP, since it hasn't been discussed in a while:
Per
, the RCEP trade agreement, consisting of 15 Asia-Pacific economies, sans India, will be signed this Sunday, ending 7 years of trade negotiations.
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With the finalization and implementation of this agreement, it is likely to become the world's largest-ever free-trade agreement, surpassing even the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) that came into effect in 2018. RCEP countries represent nearly 30% of the global economy, and could add up to $209 billion dollars to global output in the coming years.
Brookings Institute postulates the impact of RCEP in regards to China's economic and geopolitical clout in an
from back in July. It argues that the implementation of RCEP, the absence of India from the agreement, and the US withdrawal from the former TPP agreement (now CPTPP) have given China an immense opportunity to strengthen its leverage and influence in a primarily East Asian-dominated regional bloc.
The article notes that the RCEP agreement has the potential to fully offset any detrimental impacts of the US-China trade war, by helping to reduce the costs of doing business in East Asia, by deepening integration of advantages in technology, manufacturing, agriculture, and natural resources. Importantly, the economic ties between China, Japan, and South Korea are expected to further deepen, as RCEP is significant in being the first free trade deal between the three East Asian powerhouses. As such, RCEP is expected to benefit China the most; according to Brookings, China may reap $100 billion worth of economic benefits from RCEP, and further shape East Asia as a sphere of deep Chinese economic influence.
For the Asia-Pacific at large, the RCEP trade agreement may have significant implications for the years ahead. Depending on China's priorities, Brookings has elucidated that China may either further RCEP as a way to shore up its own economic interests, or restore faith and interest in regional international cooperation by shaping the rules of Asian-Pacific Commerce, with the latter scenario potentially significantly enhancing China's regional influence overall, as well potentially reinforcing China's central role and focus within the region's supply chains and trade networks.
The absence of India, as well as a lack of US involvement in Asia-Pacific trade agreements such as CPTPP, may further have implications for the region at large. In 2017, President Trump pulled the US out of the then-TPP agreement, weakening its influence and effectiveness as an anti-China trade bloc as originally intended by former President Obama, and giving much more impetus in the region to rush towards finalizing RCEP. Late last year, India decided to pull out of RCEP, citing fears of cheap Chinese manufacturing impacting domestic industries, and dissatisfaction with the agreement not being favourable in terms of information services trade, a major Indian economic activity. Both actions are likely to have consequences in terms of further benefiting China's regional clout, and leaving China without a counterweight in the RCEP economic bloc.
In reaction to India's withdrawal, Japan had originally signaled its intention to leave the agreement if India's involvement was not guaranteed. However, with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting global economic crisis, Japan seems to have changed its mind and decided to stay in a likely China-dominated RCEP.
, in order to balance China's accelerating regional economic influence in trade and supply chains as a result of the deal, Japan has announced initiatives such as the "Supply Chain Resiliency Initiative" with Australia and India; it remains to be seen if such actions are able to counter the impact of RCEP on regional trade, supply chains, and integration. Despite this, Japan and Australia, two countries with complicated relations with China to say the least, have had a tough choice to make this year: either remain in the agreement or lose out on opportunities to energize their respective economic recoveries by leaving the deal. Other regional economies have decided to press forwards, even without India: