When I first read about ten years ago that China's goal was eventually to have a large modular space station by the early 2020s, I admit I thought of it somewhat as a distant dream than something that could be accomplished. I grew even more pessimistic after the failure of the Long March 5 second launch in July 2017. I remember that I was at Houston's Space Center museum that day and was really excited about space travel. When I left the museum I found out about the LM-5 failure, and I was devastated. I never thought in 2018 or 2019 that the goal could be reached. The relaunch of the LM-5 in December 2019 gave China's space program a lifeline.
Since mid-2021, China has put more crews into space than the entire period from 2005 to 2021 and they have stayed up there orders of magnitude longer, establishing a permanent space presence. China's space program has truly ascended to the next level.
Now that China has now constructed a modular space station, similar in size to the Russian Mir station, in my view the next steps should be:
1. Focus on commercialization and reusable rocket technology bring down costs, and bring more revenue into the space sector. Until space travel is bringing back returns that can be measured in monetary value, then its just a vanity project that boosts pride but has little utility. The goal should be to be able to put payloads into orbit with a reusable rocket.
2. Move forward with Manned Deep Space travel. In terms of prestige and getting more children interested in science (which IMO is one of the biggest useful purposes of a space program) nothing beats this. Put a man on the moon and bring him back safely to earth (there is no need to race with the U.S.). The ultimate goal, IMO, is to put people onto Mars and eventually colonize Mars. I believe that in hundreds of years, humankind will colonize Mars with sealed biodomes and will eventually find a way to terraform Mars and make it warmer thus human habitable. This is the future version of the colonization of the Americas, which China lost out on. IMO the goal should be to claim about 25% of Martian territory for China. Of course this goal is decades if not centuries away, but might as well start working towards something ambitious. I truly believe it can be done. But the cost of space travel will have to be brought down and it be made more cost efficient first. Baby steps.