No, even on earth with cement, deformation during solidify is still a big problem even with special material (solidify much quicker), and on moon , there’s a pressure problem
Extrusion of an overhang on moon gravity (1/6th weight force) with a faster cooling material may be feasible... if the silica can be filtered as the key material it will be very fast cooling.
If slower cooling gives more desirable results (e.g. weld strength between layers, reduced stress within material) or a thicker wall is needed, maybe a second or additional staggered nozzles on the same head can solve the problem. If the various extrusion nozzles were adjustable in angle and vertical clearance that would be very versatile.
With a slight enough taper in your large diameter sections, overhang isn't an issue, and at a small diameter a larger overhang is better supported (e.g. moving to a sharper taper leading to cap off, causing an egg shape).
Given the cooling speed, you could probably get away with fairly outrageous overhangs. Imagine a molten glass extruder on earth, extruding "very cold honey" consistency molten glass.
And just inflate / pressurize afterwards whilst checking for leaks.
With dexterous enough extruders (e.g. screw driven powder feed of filtered silica & additives, leading in to heating unit and nozzle, on an ABB robot arm type setup) you could probably also extrude vertical / longitudinal reinforcement hoops around the outside if needed after the main structure was created.