AssassinsMace
Lieutenant General
You are not making any sense. To understand if it's soft power or hard power (or a combination of the two) influencing the result, you need to identify the reasons for their choices. In your examples, if Africa chooses China because China gives them tangible benefits that is usually hard power. If they choose China because of merely attraction (eg no tangle benefits) then that's usually soft power.
China's relationship with much of the world is hard power, a business transaction if you will.
The West's relationship with much of the world is a combination of many things hard power and soft power (military attacks, bribes, economic warfare, assassinations, attraction via Hollywood entertainment, Trojan Horse ngos, Trojan Horse churches, rags to riches American dream lie, etc)
This is a separate issue. The West's motivation is to deceive China into opening itself up for attack. The West dangles the carrot of "here's how to improve your soft power" to push bad advice. In this case, they recommend China to change its political system so they can plunder China. They do the same regarding "free press" and "civil society". The real reasons are to make it easier for the imperial west to wage psychological warfare against China under the guise of "independent" media and "civil society" to spread lies, dividing and conquering, subverting the state, waging gender wars, spread white worship, spread self hate, radicalizing people into becoming terrorists, brainwashing people to accept more and more unregulated predatory western capitalism, etc.
I see what you're saying and I ask the reverse. The west made a lot of STEM and artistic achievements. Do you see the world liking them for that? Yes, a lot. With East Asians poisoned with white worship.
Why is that? I suspect a big reason is that the West is able to sell their achievements far better than others. They do so more often and with top notch lies. As an example, they obscure the Middle Eastern origins of the scientific revolution. Unlike the imperial West, I don't see push back from Chinese people to downplay their achievements. That leads to my next point.
The West hates Asians and non whites in general so they constantly resist and crap on Chinese soft power efforts (eg the infamous "at what cost"), but this doesn't make soft power useless (see short list above again and above example). Not everyone on earth hates Asians like the West.
China needs to be better at self promotion and attacking enemies.
That's one possibility. The West seeks to be liked and it has worked greatly for them. White people get to rip off Chinese people with branded goods, constantly use their perceived good image to infiltrate China with Trojan Horses like the CIA's National Endowment for Democracy (NED), pump and dump Chinese women, get cushy esl 'teaching' jobs for speaking their native tongue, get modeling contracts despite being meh, etc.
There is a common theme in your posts about soft power. I think it stems from a misunderstanding. Your posts often imply that China increasing soft power efforts is tantamount to appeasement to the West and conforming to Western standards. That is not my position at all. It's also just one possibility if China pursues soft power in the wrong way.
I'm simply saying that one, soft power is a powerful weapon that can get benefits (see above). Two, China is terrible at soft power. Three, China should improve its abilities, both building soft power for itself and attacking the soft power (it's really more the psychological warfare) of its enemies.
I am not saying ", west says free press is soft power so we should have a free press" or ", West says lgbt is soft power so we should push lgbt"
What I am saying is there are things that make a race, nation, culture more attractive (good aesthetics, humanization, technology, wealth, good entertainment, charismatic people, etc), and less attractive (cringey rhetoric, awful language control, boring news, thick accents, androgynous or girly men, white worship, etc). China should increase and decrease them respectively.
There are areas where China is increasing its soft power - wealth, technology, humanitarian assistance, benevolent foreign policy, etc. But it is terrible at other areas - general aesthetic choices for its men, rhetoric, branding, white worship, etc.
The West got everything you say through occupation. The British like to brag how the world's language is English. Yeah that's because they fined and caned people on their own lands the British colonized for every word of non English they spoke. Everything they did was forced upon people and then when generations passed and they didn't have to force it anymore they can claim it was chosen by their own free will.
There was that Chinese singer that was arrested for rape but before his troubles he had an album that was about to be released on a certain date but later his record label decided to delay it until his birthday. That was in Asia but the release was still set the same in the US. Because of that, people in Asia flocked to US sites to buy his record. He beat Ariana Grande on the charts that also had a new album released on the same day and he also beat Lady Gaga. When we hear about who's more popular as a world wide musician, it's a lie because when toe-to-toe a Chinese singer beat the supposedly internationally more famous music artists. What is soft power when the US definition has all the power given to those that get to decide to like you? That's why it's worthless. It doesn't do anything for anyone else. Someone can say they like Lady Gaga's music. What does that get them? If Lady Gaga told this person to kill someone for her because he liked her music, will he do it? Most likely not but will he be denied from buying her music if he doesn't? Does it matter? It's all about being liked by them not anyone else. That's what Western soft power is recognizing Western opinion is most important not anyone else's.