Why then did the British use Harriers in the same war in the Falklands during the Cold War? Why did such a powerful state as the Soviet Union build "aircraft cruisers" (actually small aircraft carriers) and Yak-38 for them? There are not many heavy aircraft carriers, large and small ships good complement each other. You yourself say that full-fledged aircraft carriers are too expensive, heavy and redundant for the first chain of islands, but the fleet of Type 075s converted to small aircraft carriers is exactly that. Small carriers are cheaper and more numerous.
Again, carriers are useful in bombing countries who lack good air defense and good air force. How many countries have 100 planes in their air force? Very few.
So, they are very useful in imposing a superpower will on the world stage and China certainly wants that kind of influence as well.
But the most important use of a carrier is providing air cover in the high seas. Without a carrier, your navy is essentially stuck nearby your coast relying on ground based air cover.
So a true blue water navy that wants to fight and win in the deep pacific and Indian ocean will need carriers and China is building it for that reason.
But again, lhds are poor substitutes for proper carriers in both scenarios I mentioned.