They should have a backup OTH RF link, akin to Link 11?
What I mean is they communicate directly to satellites, and from there its relayed downward to other ships, aircraft, UAVs and land stations.
When the class first appeared, there are two kinds of SATCOMs onboard the ships. Today, there is about four kinds. What interests me is one that has a circular, not a globular appearance, and this is a pivoting flat panel as in phase array antenna. This is obviously a high speed digital data link. These below are civilian examples.
You see these in the right corners, much bigger than the civilian samples. They are not the primary subjects of the pictures and its easy not to pay attention to them.
And you see it in many ships too, like the ASW oriented Type 056A right there on top of the bridge.
Another thing that is a mystery to me is that you have the VDS bay door port at the back of the Type 054A and the Type 052D, but there is an identical door at the aft port or starboard side of both ships. Curious. Is this for another VDS? There are a few pictures I have seen this bay door open but its from a distance to ascertain what is in it.
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