While there is a huge cost involved in occupation, I think Pakistan cannot solve the Afghan problem without a definitive action that will firmly put Afghanistan as a Pakistan vassal. An independent Afghanistan dominated by Pashtuns will always be hostile to Pakistan and reject the Durand line and keep trying to ally with India to attack Pakistan.
They really tried to solve the Afghan problem by propping up the Taliban, and thought religious conservative Taliban will not ally with India. But ultimately they were very wrong and even the most firmly islamist Taliban has allied with India.
They have chosen Pashtun nationalism over Islamic brotherhood with Pakistan.
The only permanent solution to the terrorism problem in Pakistan is to firmly take control of Afghanistan through a very strong pro-pakistan proxy. Kinda like Pakistan's own version of Ramzan Kadyrov. Someone who will rule Afghanistan with an iron fist, destroy all Terrorist hideouts and perform a deep re-education of the population.
First, the idea that a Pashtun-dominated Afghanistan will
always be hostile to Pakistan doesn't really hold up historically. Afghanistan's politics have never been that simple—it's a multi-ethnic country, and relations with Pakistan have gone through plenty of ups and downs. Some Afghan governments were cool with Pakistan, others weren't. It's never been this permanent state of war.
Also, framing this as "Pakistan's Afghan problem" kinda assumes Afghanistan exists to be solved by Pakistan. Afghans themselves might have something to say about that.
On the Taliban—yeah, Pakistan backed them, but saying they "chose Pashtun nationalism over Islamic brotherhood" feels too neat. The Taliban make decisions based on survival, power, and local pressures. They're not sitting around picking ideologies from a menu. They'll work with whoever benefits them at the moment.
But the part about installing a Kadyrov-style strongman in Afghanistan? That's where I really can't agree. Even if that were possible (huge if), it would mean:
- Forcing Afghans to accept a puppet ruler (historically never ends well)
- Massive resistance and likely civil war
- Some really dark stuff like "re-education" campaigns
- Pretty clear violation of international law
Pakistan's terrorism problem isn't just about Afghanistan anyway. There's domestic militancy, the FATA region's history, governance failures, and geopolitical rivalries all mixed in. Trying to dominate Afghanistan militarily would probably just create more blowback.
At the end of the day, working with Afghan sovereignty (messy as it is) and addressing root causes on both sides seems more realistic than trying to
control a neighbor that's never been controllable.