I think both the Typhoon and Rafale have enough hard points for dozen plus AAMs, without dual racks, although I must admit I cannot recall seeing such loads being flown.
I was thinking mostly of the Eurocanards, F18E and F15S etc, more recent planes when I said dozen plus missiles.
Your point about Cold War designs is right on the money, and is precisely in line with point I was making in that during the Cold War, when western air forces were expecting to face a peer opponent, they didn’t see the value in stuffing planes with as many missiles as physically possible either. Because in such a situation, few of the planes involved are expected to survive long enough in combat to be able to use so many missiles, so hanging so many would prove to just be a waste in the majority of cases.
It is only after the Cold War, when air dominance is effectively a forgone conclusions, that huge warloads became popular as western air forces shifted their focus to sortie efficiency.
You're both of course correct here, and if you overload your aircraft with ordinance, you may well lose on the first round.... the rush to ordinance planes and overloaded fighters seems quite ill advised personally..
The ability of the F-35 to sensor fuse with other aircraft, and fire ordinance off the closest platform will likely change the way we fight?? I'm just not sure how that will all work in practice??? imagine flying along and your aircraft starts launching weapons commanded from another aircraft?? so I wonder how that will all work...
so in real life, 8-12 AAM may well be overkill, I see Boeing is attempting to sell an F-15 with 24 AAM?? so who really knows how this will all play out, but under normal conditions 4 BVR and 2 WVR would seem to be an effective load-out, 6 BVR and 2WVR should also be quite sufficient for larger aircraft with greater payload, and less performance compromises, such as J-20, Su-57, F-35, or F-22..
Internal carriage is an outstanding performance enhancer, eliminating all that drag and airflow disturbance will allow the pilot to fly his aircraft to the limits, hanging excess ordinance on pylons will have performance penalties...