It is less about angering a superpower, but rather more of adhering to the international norm of having basic mutual fund for each other's sovereignty. China is not demanding any respect that she is not already providing to Australia all these time. For nation like Australia, it has been a long running norm to not give a damn not treat non-western/allies' sovereign status seriously. Thus they have this twisted thinking that their interference in China's domestic affair is okay and acceptable, and even giving it a nice cover of "standing up for our universal values". When a bully bullies for too long, they see their own action as a norm. It just happened that China has grown to the point of having the capacity(yes, China has been tolerating all these decades) to hit back squarely at Australia to send the message : hey, you are crossing line, let's respect one another then we can have a foundation to build economic ties on. But it seems that the sense of superiority ingrained in the ruling class of Australia is still overruling the call for common sense. That is why some real pain is needed to bring them back to reality.
China is teaching Australia what essentially mutual respect means. Australian politicians misinterpreted it as coercion instead.